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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">edscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Образование и наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Education and science journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5639</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-5828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RSVPU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17853/1994-5639-2019-3-125-153</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">edscience-1185</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Развитие критического мышления магистрантов с помощью STEM-кейсов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Development of critical thinking of master’s degree students using STEM cases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солодихина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solodikhina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Солодихина Мария Владиславовна - доцент кафедры естественных наук и инновационных технологий.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria V. Solodikhina - Associate Professor, Department of Natural Sciences and Innovative Technologies, Institute of Physics, Technology and Information Systems.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mv.solodikhina@mpgu.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солодихина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solodikhina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Солодихина Анна Александровна - специалист отдела по взаимодействию с социальными партнерами и общественными организациями ФГБОУ ВДЦ «Смена»; преподаватель кафедры менеджмента инноваций, трекер инновационных проектов на майноре «Стартап с нуля», куратор студенческих команд на направлении «Внутрикорпоративное предпринимательство», НИУ «Высшая школа экономики».</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Solodikhina - Specialist, Department for Interaction with Social Partners and Public Organisations of the Russian Children’s Center “Smena”; Lecturer of the Department of Innovation Management, Tracker of innovative projects in the “Startup from Scratch” direction, Curator of student teams in the “Intra-Corporate Entrepreneurship” direction, National Research University Higher School of Economics.</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aasolodikhina@edu.hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский педагогический государственный университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Pedagogical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»; ФГБОУ ВДЦ «Смена»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russian Children’s Center; “Smena"</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>04</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>125</fpage><lpage>153</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Солодихина М.В., Солодихина А.А., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Солодихина М.В., Солодихина А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Solodikhina M.V., Solodikhina A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/1185">https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/1185</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Чтобы сохранять конкурентоспособность в динамично меняющемся мире, где происходят лавинообразное нарастание объема новой информации и быстрое ее устаревание, государству в большом количестве нужны люди, способные к регулярному интенсивному осуществлению инновационной деятельности. Потребность современной экономики в инноваторах неизбежно приводит к смещению приоритетов в образовании с запоминания и воспроизведения заранее установленного объема знаний на развитие самостоятельного мышления обучающихся, что невозможно без наличия определенных качеств и критического склада ума у педагогов.</p><p>Цели представленного в статье исследования состояли в выделении важных для инновационной активности компонентов критического мышления и поиске способов их формирования у молодых учителей - студентов, осваивающих магистерскую программу «Современное естествознание».</p></sec><sec><title>Методология и методы</title><p>Методология и методы. В работе были задействованы методы анализа и обобщения содержания научных и научно-методических публикаций, посвященных развитию мыслительных способностей высшего порядка и концепции STEM-образования (Science + Technology + Engineering + Mathematics). Оценка уровня мышления обучающихся и его изменений проводилась с помощью диагностических заданий и эмпирического наблюдения за учебной и проектной деятельностью магистрантов и школьников.</p><p>Результаты и научная новизна. Определены ключевые для производства и реализации инноваций составляющие критического мышления: творческий, рациональный, логический, рефлексивный и метакогнитивный. Для их развития разработан комплект проблемно-ситуационных STEM-кейсов, а для выяснения уровня сформированности элементов критического мышления предложен специальный диагностический инструментарий. На примере проектирования и презентации гибридной технологии подъема затонувшего корабля с поврежденным корпусом, основанной на понимании учащимися особенностей агрегатного состояния воды, продемонстрирована методика работы с набором STEM-кейсов. Результаты апробации данной методики в малых группах на разных ступенях образования доказывают, что ее применение способствует совершенствованию критического мышления у обучающихся и появлению у них интереса к инновационной деятельности, если сюжеты заданий основаны на реальных проблемах науки и техники, а их решение требует контекстуального использования учебного материала, построения математических моделей, генерирования рациональных идей новых или усовершенствованных технологий.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость. Показаны возможности приобретения обучающимися навыков независимого аналитического мышления высшего порядка в рамках изучаемых академических дисциплин естественно-научного цикла без введения в образовательные программы специального курса.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Today, a modern state needs people capable to regular intensive implementation of innovative activity in order to keep competitiveness in a dynamically changing world that is undergoing a significant increase in the amount of new information and its fast obsolescence. The need of modern economy for innovators inevitably leads to the shift of priorities in education from memorising and reproducing of a specified amount of knowledge to the development of students’ independent thinking, which, accordingly, requires teachers’ certain qualities and critical mentality.</p><p>The aim of the research was to identify the components of critical thinking important for innovative activity and search for the ways of development of these components in young teachers, entering a master’s programme Modern Natural Science.</p><p>Methodology and research methods. In the course of the research, the methods of the analysis and synthesis of scientific and scientific-methodological publications devoted to the development of higher order thinking skills and the concept of STEM education (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) were employed. The assessment of the level of students’ thinking and its changes was carried out through diagnostic tasks and empirical observation of educational and project-based activity of undergraduates and school students.</p><p>Results and scientific novelty. The key components of critical thinking for the implementation and realisation of innovative activities were identified: creative, rational, logical, reflexive and metacognitive. To assess the development of components, a set of problem-situational tasks (STEM cases) was developed. Diagnostic tools were introduced to measure the level of critical thinking skills formation. The authors described the methodology for working with STEM cases through the example of the development and presentation of hybrid technology of lifting the sunken ship with a damaged hull, based on the students’ understanding of characteristics of the aggregate state of water. The results of approbation of the presented methodology used in small groups at various educational levels prove that its implementation contributes to the development of critical thinking in students, if the plots of cues are based on real problems of science and technology, and the solution requires contextual use of educational material, building a mathematical model, generating rational ideas of new or improved technologies.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance. The research demonstrates the possibilities of acquisition by students of higher order thinking skills within the studied academic disciplines in the natural-science cycle without introduction of a special course in educational programmes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инновации</kwd><kwd>критическое мышление</kwd><kwd>STEM-образование</kwd><kwd>кейсы</kwd><kwd>естественно-научная грамотность</kwd><kwd>технология подъема судов замораживанием</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>innovation</kwd><kwd>critical thinking</kwd><kwd>STEM education</kwd><kwd>case studies</kwd><kwd>natural science literacy</kwd><kwd>technology of lifting ships by freezing</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пенроуз Р. Тени разума: В поисках науки о сознании / пер. с англ. А. Р. Логунова, Н. А. Зубченко. Ижевск: ИКИ, 2005. 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