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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">edscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Образование и наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Education and science journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5639</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-5828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RSVPU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17853/1994-5639-2019-4-92-114</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">edscience-1211</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕМ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>НАЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ СИСТЕМА КВАЛИФИКАЦИЙ В РОССИИ – ЭПИСТЕМОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПЕРСПЕКТИВА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS SYSTEM IN RUSSIA – AN EPISTEMOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муравьева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muravyeva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат филологических наук, ведущий эксперт</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Philological Sciences, Lead Expert</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">observatory@cvets.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Олейникова</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oleynikova</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор педагогических наук, профессор, генеральный директор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, CEO</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">observatory@cvets.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аксенова</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aksenova</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заместитель директора</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Deputy Director</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">observatory@cvets.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дорожкин</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dorozhkin</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор педагогических наук, профессор, ректор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Rector</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgeniy.dorozhkin@rsvpu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр изучения проблем профессионального образования</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Centre for VET Studies, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный педагогический университет, Екатеринбург</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University, Ekaterinburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>92</fpage><lpage>114</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Муравьева А.А., Олейникова О.Н., Аксенова Н.М., Дорожкин Е.М., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Муравьева А.А., Олейникова О.Н., Аксенова Н.М., Дорожкин Е.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Muravyeva A.A., Oleynikova O.N., Aksenova N.M., Dorozhkin E.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/1211">https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/1211</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. В статье рассматривается эпистемологическая перспектива становления в России национальной системы квалификаций, необходимой для появления в стране отвечающего современным реалиям «рынка квалификаций».Цель публикации – обсуждение содержания, факторов формирования и эволюции знаний об аспектах функционирования национальной системы квалификаций в российских условиях.Методология и методики. В ходе работы применялись комплексный подход к объекту изучения, включающий такие методы исследования, как обзор и анализ официальных документов, полуофициальные опросы и индивидуальные интервью с представителями наиболее заинтересованных сторон – руководителями и сотрудниками отраслевых министерств, отраслевыми экспертами, специалистами структур по присуждению квалификаций и т. д.</p><p>Результаты и научная новизна. Проведенный анализ документальных и научных источников показал, что процесс генерирования и совершенствования знаний о системе национальных квалификаций семантически и методологически связан в широком понимании с потребностями и целями социально-экономического развития; в более узком – с разработкой профессиональных стандартов, которые должны служить основой стандартов профессионального и высшего образования, а также с усилением институционализации участия работодателей в подготовке кадров и поиске эффективных механизмов и инструментария независимой оценки квалификаций и компетенций. Вскрыты имеющиеся в настоящее время парадигматические пробелы в системе знаний о национальной рамке квалификаций, порождающие проблемы дальнейшего развития данного направления в России. В качестве узлового концептуального эпистемологического противоречия выделено неправомерное противопоставление профессиональных и образовательных квалификаций. С опорой на зарубежный практический опыт предложены пути выхода из сложившейся ситуации, в частности, рекомендуется прежде всего согласовать терминологию и концептуальные подходы с международными нормами.Предпринятое в контексте эпистемологии исследование и сделанные авторами выводы расширяют дискурс о национальной системе квалификаций; подчеркивается, что при соблюдении общих принципов разработки национальной системы квалификаций важно учитывать специфические внутригосударственные социально-экономические и территориальные факторы.Практическая значимость. Материалы статьи могут быть использованы в практике отечественных специалистов, ответственных за создание инфраструктуры и внедрение национальной системы квалификаций и формирующих политику в этой области.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The article offers an insight into an epistemological perspective of establishing the national qualifications system in Russia that is critical for creating a “market of qualifications in the country that would be adequate to the current context.The aim of the research was to examine the context and factors underpinning the formation and evolution of the structure of knowledge relating to the national qualification system in Russia.Methodology and research methods. The methods applied comprise a mixed-method approach that included: review and analysis of official documents, semi-structured background and individual interviews with key stakeholders (line ministries, experts from industry and qualifications awarding bodies etc.) and desk research.Results and scientific novelty. The performed analysis of documents and of research data has revealed that the process of generating and enhancing knowledge about the national qualifications system semantically and methodologically is in broad terms contingent on the needs and objectives of social and economic development, and in narrower terms – on the development of occupational standards that underpin the standards of vocational and higher education, as well as on the enhanced institutionalisation of employers’ involvement in the training of personnel and in the search of effective mechanisms and instruments of independent assessment of qualifications.It also offers an insight into current key paradigmatic gaps in the NQF-related epistemology in Russia that account for the specificity of the observed state of play and for the key conceptual epistemological contradiction that has been identified by the authors as the opposition of and conflict between occupational and education qualifications. The authors propose ways out of the situation based on international practices in this area starting from aligning the terminology and conceptual approaches with international ones. </p><p>The performed epistemological research and the conclusions made by the authors contribute to the national qualifications system discourse. It is stressed that core principles underpinning the development of the national qualifications system should be adapted to the social and economic and local factors.Practical significance. The material of the article can be used by policy-makers dealing with the NQS development and implementation of the NQS.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>квалификация</kwd><kwd>национальная рамка квалификаций</kwd><kwd>национальная система квалификаций</kwd><kwd>инфраструктура национальной системы квалификаций</kwd><kwd>профессиональные стандарты</kwd><kwd>образовательные стандарты</kwd><kwd>результаты обучения</kwd><kwd>компетенции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>qualification</kwd><kwd>national qualifications framework</kwd><kwd>national qualifications system</kwd><kwd>infrastructure of the national qualifications system</kwd><kwd>occupational standards</kwd><kwd>education standards</kwd><kwd>learning outcomes</kwd><kwd>competences</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burke G. et al. 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