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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">edscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Образование и наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Education and science journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5639</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-5828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RSVPU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17853/1994-5639-2019-7-113-142</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">edscience-1334</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>VOCATIONAL EDUCATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Знание и восприятие химических эпонимов студентами университетов Беларуси и США</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Knowledge and Perception of Eponyms in Chemistry by University Students in Belarus and the United States</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9156-8598</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слабин</surname><given-names>В. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Slabin</surname><given-names>U. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат педагогических наук, научный сотрудник факультета образования</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Research Associate at College of Education</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uslabin@uoregon.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Орегонский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Oregon</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>113</fpage><lpage>142</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Слабин В.К., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Слабин В.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Slabin U.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/1334">https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/1334</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. К важнейшим инструментам качественного образования любого уровня относится дидактический принцип воспитывающего обучения, соблюдение которого усиливает результативность выбираемых педагогами методических средств. Общепризнанным эффективным методом обучения и воспитания считается положительный пример. В качестве такового в образовательной сфере рекомендуется использовать биографии и описания деятельности ученых-первооткрывателей, многие фамилии которых стали нарицательными или вошли в состав научных эпонимов (производных от имен собственных терминов и понятий, обозначающих явление, закон, теорию, изобретение и др.). Эпонимы изучаются с позиций многих наук, в том числе педагогики, а согласно декларируемым в национальных документах об образовании принципам гуманизации и историзма они могут применяться как средство воспитания при освоении естественных и других дисциплин. Однако данные об исследованиях подобной роли эпонимов отсутствуют. Неизвестно, в частности, как соответствующий пласт учебной лексики воспринимается учащимися и изменяется ли ее восприятие у студентов университета по сравнению со школьниками. Этот пробел в методологии и методике преподавания в полной мере относится и к такому предмету, как «Химия».</p><p>Цели представленной в публикации работы состояли в выяснении отношения студентов университетов разных стран – Беларуси и США – к химическим эпонимам и выявлении связей между рефлексивным их осмыслением и прочными знаниями будущих специалистов.</p></sec><sec><title>Методология и методика</title><p>Методология и методика. Для опроса обучающихся в Орегонском и Белорусском государственном университетах, проводившегося посредством интернет-ресурсов, была разработана авторская анкета, состоящая из 27 вопросов с разными типами ответов. Анализ собранной информации производился с помощью пакета IBM® SPSS®, методами описательной (вычисление среднего и стандартного отклонений, дисперсии) и выводной (использование тестов Манна – Уитни и Пирсона) статистики.</p><p>Результаты и научная новизна. По итогам опроса установлено, что студенты обеих стран определяют химические эпонимы по ассоциативному ряду лучше, чем по их содержанию (сущности). У белорусских респондентов показатели знания эпонимов оказались несколько выше, чем у американских испытуемых, что объясняется спецификой выборок (в первой доля студентовхимиков была более представительной), графика и продолжительности химических курсов. Узнаваемости химических эпонимов, степень которой различна, способствуют их повторяемость, уникальность и фонетичность. У большинства всей совокупности участников анкетирования зафиксированы нерефлексивное восприятие эпонимов и неопределенное отношение к ним. Главным фактором хорошего знания, рефлексивного положительного отношения к эпонимам является высокая мотивация к их усвоению, которая обусловлена избранной специальностью, – разумеется, наиболее мотивированы в этом плане студенты профильных специальностей «Химия» и «Преподавание химии». Сделан вывод о том, что, с одной стороны, в реализации принципов гуманизации и историзма нельзя делать ставку исключительно на эпонимы: чтобы избежать просчетов, следует придерживаться системного подхода, подразумевающего комплекс средств и методов. С другой стороны, планомерная, регулярная работа с химическими эпонимами помогает глубже проникнуть в суть изучаемых явлений и позволяет ускорить и гармонизировать процесс претворения химической теории в практику. К сожалению, эпонимам, как и их источникам – персоналиям ученых, – в учебной литературе уделяется все меньше внимания, что в корне неправильно.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость. Материалы предпринятого автором исследования и полученные результаты будут полезны учителям и преподавателям химии при разработке уроков, лекционных курсов, цикла семинарских и лабораторных занятий, а также при составлении учебных пособий и написании учебников.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The didactic principle of education-in-studies is one of the most important instruments of quality education at all levels. Compliance with this principle enhances the results of methodological means educators choose. A positive example is considered a widely recognised and effective method of education and upbringing. As such examples, in education it is recommended to use personal and scientific biographies of scholars whose names became a part of scientific eponyms – terms meaning phenomena, laws, theories, inventions, etc. derived from the names of their originators. Eponyms are researched from the prospective of many sciences, including pedagogy. According to the principles of humanisation and historicism declared in governmental documents on education, eponyms can be utilised as means of upbringing while studying natural and other disciplines. However, the research data about this role of eponyms are scarce. In particular, it is unknown how students perceive this component of language and if there is a difference in perception between school and university students. This gap in methodology and teaching technique applies to a number of disciplines including chemistry.</p><p>The aims of this research publication were to study attitudes of university students in two countries – Belarus and the USA – to chemical eponyms, and to identify correlations between their reflective cognition and solid knowledge of the future professionals.</p><p>Methodology and research methods. A 27-item questionnaire with different types of answers was developed by the author of the present research. The questionnaire was administered via the Internet for the survey of students at University of Oregon and Belarusian State University. Analysis of the data collected was done in IBM® SPSS® package using descriptive (mean, standard deviation, variance) and inferential (Mann–Whitney and Pearson tests) statistics.</p><p>Results and scientific novelty. The survey showed that students in both countries recognise chemical eponyms by association better than by their content. Belarusian respondents exhibited a bit higher level of eponym knowledge than American respondents, which is explained by populations (the former one had more chemistry majors), timing and duration of chemistry courses. Recognition of chemical eponyms differs; it is promoted by their repeatability, uniqueness, and phoneticity. The majority of students in both countries perceive eponyms non-reflexively, and the students’ attitude towards eponyms is mostly uncertain. It was found that the determinant factor for good knowledge and reflective positive attitude towards eponyms is the student’s motivation for learning. This motivation, in turn, is determined by the chosen major. Naturally, the profile majors “Chemistry” and “Chemistry Teaching” motivate students the most. It has been concluded that on the one hand, for implementation of the humanisation and historicism principles, one should not rely exclusively on eponyms. To avoid mistakes, one should keep a systemic approach that implies a set of pedagogical means and methods. On the other hand, systematic, regular work with chemical eponyms helps to get an in-depth understanding of chemical phenomena and to get the chemical theory-and-practice synthesis quick and balanced. Unfortunately, less and less attention is paid in educational literature to both eponyms and scholar personalities as their sources, and that is fundamentally wrong.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance. The research materials and the results obtained in this research will be useful for teachers and instructors of chemistry in the development of lessons, lectures, seminars and laboratory classes as well as in writing tutorials and textbooks.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гуманизация образования</kwd><kwd>эпоним</kwd><kwd>именное название</kwd><kwd>история науки</kwd><kwd>история химии</kwd><kwd>методика химии</kwd><kwd>университетское образование</kwd><kwd>химическое образование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chemical education</kwd><kwd>eponym</kwd><kwd>history of chemistry</kwd><kwd>history of science</kwd><kwd>humanisation of education</kwd><kwd>methods of chemistry</kwd><kwd>named reaction</kwd><kwd>university education</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гаврилейко Ю. А. 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