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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">edscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Образование и наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Education and science journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5639</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-5828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RSVPU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17853/1994-5639-2020-1-31-58</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">edscience-1499</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ И МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ПОЛИТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EDUCATION AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Мягкая сила» высшего образования как фактор мирового лидерства</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Soft Power of Higher Education as a Global Leadership Factor</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-4970</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонова</surname><given-names>Н. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonova</surname><given-names>N. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антонова Наталья Леонидовна – доктор социологических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры прикладной социологии </p><p>Researcher ID Q-1495-2015</p><p>Scopus Author ID 57038433100</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia L. Antonova – Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor, Department of Applied Sociology</p><p>Researcher ID Q-1495-2015, Scopus Author ID 57038433100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n-tata@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0273-4422</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сущенко</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sushchenko</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сущенко Анастасия Дмитриевна – кандидат социологических наук, старший научный сотрудник Научно-исследовательской лаборатории по проблемам университетского развития</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia D. Sushchenko – Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Senior Researcher, Research Laboratory for University Development Issues</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.d.sushchenko@urfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7856-5413</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попова Наталья Геннадьевна – кандидат социологических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia G. Popova – Candidate of Sociological Sciences, Senior Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ngpopova@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Уральский федеральный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Ural Federal University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт философии и права УрО РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Philosophy and Law, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>02</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Антонова Н.Л., Сущенко А.Д., Попова Н.Г., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Антонова Н.Л., Сущенко А.Д., Попова Н.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Antonova N.L., Sushchenko A.D., Popova N.G.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/1499">https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/1499</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. К главным задачам внешней политики любого государства относится распространение своего влияния на международной арене. Одним из наиболее эффективных инструментов решения этой задачи в эру информации и знаний является «мягкая сила» образования, посредством которого те или иные страны транслируют на зарубежные территории и регионы свои достижения в области культуры, науки, технологий, а также идеалы, ценности и нормы определенного общественного устройства. Сегодня университеты стремятся занять и укрепить свои позиции в мировых рейтинговых системах, демонстрирующих статус и репутацию вузов на глобальном рынке образовательных услуг. Данное ранжирование служит ориентиром для будущих студентов и их родителей при выборе места получения престижного образования и при формировании индивидуальных траекторий профессионального обучения.</p><p>Цель представленного в статье исследования – анализ «мягкой силы» высшего образования как механизма достижения и воспроизводства лидерского положения государства в современном международном пространстве, а также определение ключевых условий и преград включения вузов в мировые рейтинги ведущих университетов.</p></sec><sec><title>Методология и методы</title><p>Методология и методы. Методологическую базу изыскания составили концепция «мягкой силы» и теория интернационализации высшей школы. В традиции качественных методов социологии были проведены экспертные полуструктурированные интервью с представителями Уральского федерального университета (УрФУ), занимающимися продвижением вуза на глобальном образовательном уровне. Выбор учреждения обусловлен тем, что на его площадке с 2017 г. функционирует сетевой университет для академического сотрудничества стран БРИКС (BRICS). Материалы интервью были дополнены статистикой Всемирного банка (The World Bank) о расходах членов указанного неформального межгосударственного объединения на образование, научноисследовательские и опытно-конструкторские работы в период с 1999 по 2015 г. (% от ВВП – of GDP), а также данными рейтинга QS World University Rankings – 2019 для анализа репутации вузов стран БРИКС.</p><p>Результаты и научная новизна. Кейс УрФУ позволил рассмотреть практики привлечения иностранных студентов, характерные для зон БРИКС. Показаны особенности деятельности университета, направленной на обеспечение и упрочение своей международной конкурентоспособности. Описана специфика контингента студентов из КНР, обучающихся в вузе. Установлено, что роль рейтинговых систем (как институциональных, так и отраслевых) при избрании абитуриентами университета возрастает. Помимо этого факторами предпочтения УрФУ иностранцами, в частности китайскими гражданами, выступают сравнительно невысокая стоимость обучения, его качество, а также сформированные этнические социальные сети. Студенты планируют в будущем возвращение на родину, где приобретенные знания, навыки и опыт дадут им возможность построить успешную карьеру. Полученные аналитические данные свидетельствуют о действенной роли «мягкой силы» образования, но подчеркивается, что этот инструмент работает только в долгосрочной перспективе. Сделан ряд выводов о барьерах, возникающих перед российскими университетами на пути к признанию их в качестве мировых флагманов высшего профессионального образования. Можно добиться быстрых побед и войти в Top 500 лучших вузов мира, однако удержаться в престижном списке вряд ли удастся, если в течение нескольких лет будет отсутствовать перманентный рост показателей, имитировать которые не получится. Университет мирового класса должен притягивать одаренную молодежь, квалифицированных преподавателей и научных сотрудников. Снижение концентрации талантов и исследовательских результатов ведет к утрате образовательной организацией геополитической миссии. Прорывному и устойчивому повышению репутации вузов может препятствовать и их недостаточное финансирование.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость. Результаты исследования могут быть полезны менеджерам высшей школы, разработчикам стратегий позиционирования и прогнозов развития учебных заведений, специалистам, занятым вопросами образовательной политики, распределения государственных инвестиций, а также проблемами международного взаимодействия и конкуренции государств в целях реализации национальных интересов и поддержки благополучного состояния экономики страны в долгосрочной перспективе.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The main objectives of foreign policy of any state include the extension of its influence in the international arena. In the era of information and knowledge, one of the most effective tools for this task is soft power of education. In this respect, education is seen as a promising soft power instrument, which long-term character allows a country to promote not only its cultural, scientific and technological achievements, but also its cultural values and norms of social organisation. Today, universities are also seeking to strengthen their positions in global education rankings, which are used to define the status and reputation of a particular university in the global market of educational services. This ranking serves as a guide for future students and their parents, when choosing a prestigious education location and when developing individual career paths.</p><p>The aims of the present research are the following: to analyse soft power of higher education as a soft power mechanism, which allows a country to achieve and maintain leadership positions in the international arena; to specify conditi ons, factors and barriers that determine the position of universities in global ranking systems.</p><p>Methodology and research methods. The methodological framework is based on the concept of soft power and the theory of internationalisation of higher education. The empirical study was conducted following the tradition of qualitative sociological research. In 2018, a series of semi-structured interviews was conducted among Ural Federal University employees, whose responsibilities were related to the promotion of the university on the global educational market. The Ural Federal University (UrFU) can be considered representative in terms of practices aimed at attracting foreign students to the BRICS countries. In addition, UrFU is a place where the concept of a network BRICS University was realised in 2017. A total of 5 expert interviews were conducted. The collected data were analysed in the context of the World Bank statistics on the money spent by the BRICS countries on education and R&amp;D during the 1999–2015 period (% of GDP), as well as the data provided by the QS World University Rankings – 2019 to analyse the reputation of BRICS universities.</p><p>Results and scientific novelty. The case study of Ural Federal University allowed the authors to consider the specific practices of BRICS zones for attracting foreign students. The authors analysed the specifics of actions taken by a university to promote its international leadership positions in the international space on the example of students from China. It is shown that the role of global ranking systems (institutional and faculty) in the choice of a university is steadily growing. At the same time, factors determining the attractiveness of the Ural Federal University for foreign students, in particular for Chinese students, include a reasonable level of tuition, the quality of the education and the formed ethnic social networks. For them, the Russian education is expected to be a factor in achieving a higher social status in their home countries. This demonstrates the effective role of education as a soft power instrument, although in the long-term perspective. The authors identified a number of findings concerning the barriers faced by Russian universities on the way to recognising them as global actors of higher vocational education. It is possible to enter the Top 500 best world universities; however, the task of maintaining the achieved position in global rankings is more complicated and cannot be completed without a steady increase in the performance over several years. A world-class university should attract gifted youth, qualified teachers and researchers. The reduction in the number of talented people and research results leads to the loss of geopolitical mission by the educational organisation. Inadequate funding may prevent universities from breakthrough and sustainable improvement of their reputation.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance. The research findings might be useful for managers of higher education and for strategists involved in positioning and making forecasts of educational institutions development. Also, the present findings can be applied by specialists engaged in the issues of educational policy, distribution of public investments, as well as the issues of international interaction and competition between states in order to realise national interests and support national economy in the country in the long term.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>высшее образование</kwd><kwd>«мягкая сила» образования</kwd><kwd>университеты</kwd><kwd>мировое лидерство</kwd><kwd>иностранные студенты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>higher education</kwd><kwd>soft power of education</kwd><kwd>universities</kwd><kwd>world leadership</kwd><kwd>foreign students</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 18-18-00236). Авторы благодарят анонимных рецензентов статьи, замечания которых позволили значительно улучшить ее качество.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This research was supported by a Russian Science Foundation grant (№ 18-18-00236). The authors express their sincere gratitude to anonymous reviewers, whose valuable comments allowed them to significantly improve the quality of the present manuscript.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nye J. S. Soft power: the means to success in world politics. New York: PublicAffairs, 2004. 192 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nye J. S. Soft power: the means to success in world politics. 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