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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">edscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Образование и наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Education and science journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5639</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-5828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RSVPU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17853/1994-5639-2020-4-9-42</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">edscience-1627</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЩИЕ ВОПРОСЫ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENERAL EDUCATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Смысл образования: развитие или оказание услуг?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Idea of Education: Development or Service Delivery?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5056-9946</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лёвкин</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ljovkin</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лёвкин Вадим Евгеньевич – кандидат философских наук, доцент кафедры общей и социальной психологии, эксперт лаборатории кадрового консалтинга, Researcher ID F-4455–2017</p><p>Тюмень</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim E. Ljovkin – Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of General and Social Psychology, Expert of Personnel Consulting Laboratory, Researcher ID F-4455–2017</p><p>Tyumen</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v@orgpsiholog.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9938-5822</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лёвкина</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ljovkina</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лёвкина Анастасия Олеговна – кандидат экономических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры экономической безопасности, системного анализа и контроля Финансово-экономического института, Researcher ID I-8455-2015, Scopus Author ID 57192688931</p><p>Тюмень</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia O. Ljovkina – Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor, Department of Economic Security, System Analysis and Control, Financial and Economic Institute, Researcher ID I-8455–2015, Scopus Author ID 57192688931</p><p>Tyumen</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anastasia@orgpsiholog.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9651-0555</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Доценко</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Docenko</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доценко Евгений Леонидович – доктор психологических наук, профессор кафедры общей и социальной психологии Института психологии и педагогики</p><p>Тюмень</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenij L. Docenko – Doctor of Psychological Sciences, Professor, Department of General and Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Pedagogy</p><p>Tyumen</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dotsenko_e@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волосникова</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volosnikova</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волосникова Людмила Михайловна – кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры общей и социальной педагогики, директор Института психологии и педагогики</p><p>Тюмень</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ludmila M. Volosnikova – Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of General and Social Pedagogy, Director of the Institute of Psychology and Pedagogy</p><p>Tyumen</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">l.m.volosnikova@utmn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тюменский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tyumen State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лёвкин В.Е., Лёвкина А.О., Доценко Е.Л., Волосникова Л.М., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лёвкин В.Е., Лёвкина А.О., Доценко Е.Л., Волосникова Л.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ljovkin V.E., Ljovkina A.O., Docenko E.L., Volosnikova L.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/1627">https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/1627</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Развернувшийся в последние годы дискурс о кризисе образования и обострившийся спор о его сущности и роли в развитии человека и культуры в целом обусловили необходимость научного определения смысла современного образования. В дискуссионной и теоретической по характеру статье данный вопрос исследуется в ракурсе актуальной тенденции отнесения образования к сфере услуг.</p><p>Цель работы состояла в научном обосновании нерелевантности представлений об образовании как о «коммерческой услуге» и обсуждении последствий подобной интерпретации.</p></sec><sec><title>Методология и методики</title><p>Методология и методики. Исследование выполнялось на базе метасистемного подхода, позволяющего рассматривать образование как систему в ряду других социальных институтов и структур и как элемент системы большего порядка. Изучение феномена «образовательные услуги» проводилось посредством логико-смыслового анализа, герменевтического метода и синтеза мнений представителей разных гуманитарных наук. Для аргументации собственной позиции авторы использовали процедуру разделения «парадигм социоконструирования» (как совокупности принципов познания и преобразования социальной реальности), из которых логически выводятся разные дефиниции общества, определения сущности и роли образования.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Концепт «образовательные услуги» проанализирован как речевой шаблон, способ мышления, юридическое понятие, призыв к изменению социальной практики и как вероятный проект. Выявлена негативно влияющая на результаты образования концептуальная, смысловая подмена: смысл извлечения прибыли занял место смысла совершенствования личности и обеспечения долгосрочной жизнеспособности и развития всего общества. Показано, что данная подмена – закономерное следствие выхода рыночных законов за рамки социального контроля, в частности их полулегитимного распространения на сферу образования, являющегося общественно значимым благом.</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна. Доказывается, что закрепившееся в современном дискурсе выражение «образовательные услуги» способствует деструктивным трансформациям менталитета граждан и социального пространства. Услуга и образование охарактеризованы по комплексу критериев: предмет деятельности, ее характер, роль акцептора продукта деятельности, особенности методов деятельности, результат (цель) деятельности и оценка качества. Сделан вывод о том, что сфера услуг и образование – это области совместной конструктивной деятельности людей, имеющие принципиальные различия.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость. Полученные результаты позволяют целенаправленно корректировать процессы концептуального управления сферой образования.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the article is to scientifically justify irrelevance of the ideas of education as a “commercial service” through the discussion of consequences of such an interpretation.</p><p>Methodology and research methods. The research methodology is based on a meta-systemic approach, which allows us to consider education as the system in a number of other social institutes and structures and as an element of a larger system. The logical-semantic analysis, hermeneutic method and synthesis of the views among the representatives in the filed of the humanities were used to study the phenomenon of “educational services”. To determine own position, the authors of the present article used the procedure of separating “social construction paradigms” (as a set of principles of knowledge and transformation of social reality), which make it possible to give diverse definitions of society and to introduce the concepts of the essence and the role of education.</p><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The concept of “educational services” is analysed as a speech template, a way of thinking, a legal concept, a call to changing social practice and a probable project. The authors reveal a conceptual, semantic substitution, which negatively affects the result of the educational process: the meaning of profit has taken the place of the sense of personal development and social long-term viability and development of society. It is demonstrated that this semantic substitution is a natural consequence of the market laws, going beyond the social control, in particular, their semi-legitimate expansion into the sphere of education, which is a significant public good.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientific novelty</title><p>Scientific novelty. It is proved that an established expression “educational services” in modern discourse contributes to destructive transformations of the citizens’ mentality and social space. The concepts of “service” and “education” are characterised according to a set of the following criteria: a subject of activity, its nature, a recipient role, specificity of the methods of activity, its result (or its goal) and quality assessment. It is concluded that the sectors of service and education can be characterised as joint constructive human activities, but they are fundamentally different activities.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance. The obtained results could be applied to provide purposeful adjustment processes for conceptual management of the education sector.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>образование</kwd><kwd>проблемы образования</kwd><kwd>кризисные процессы в образовании</kwd><kwd>управление образованием</kwd><kwd>образовательные услуги</kwd><kwd>нарушение логического закона тождества</kwd><kwd>ценностно-смысловые процессы</kwd><kwd>правовые основы образования</kwd><kwd>социальная практика</kwd><kwd>архетипы</kwd><kwd>государственная безопасность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>education</kwd><kwd>problems of education</kwd><kwd>education crisis</kwd><kwd>education management</kwd><kwd>educational services</kwd><kwd>violation of the law of identity</kwd><kwd>semantic value processes</kwd><kwd>legal foundations of education</kwd><kwd>social practice</kwd><kwd>archetypes</kwd><kwd>state security</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 19–013–00373 А «Академическая мобильность студентов с ограниченными возможностями здоровья и инвалидностью в условиях трансформации высшего образования». Авторы выражают глубокую признательность анонимным рецензентам и выпускающему редактору журнала «Образование и наука» В. А. Маминой за помощь в подготовке статьи.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The present research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in the framework of the research project No. 19–013–00373 A “Academic Mobility of Students with Disabilities in the Context of the Transformation of Higher Education”. The authors are deeply grateful to the anonymous reviewers and to the Managing Editor of the Education and Science Journal, V. A. Mamina, for their assistance in preparing the article.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Загвязинский В. И. О социальной значимости и востребованности педагогических исследований // Образование и наука. 2015. № 8. С. 4–19. 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