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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">edscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Образование и наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Education and science journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5639</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-5828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RSVPU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17853/1994-5639-2020-8-189-206</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">edscience-1814</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В ОБРАЗОВАНИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>IT-образование как фактор влияния на гендерные диспропорции в компьютинге: сравнение опыта России и США</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>IT education as a factor to influence gender imbalances in computing: Comparing Russian and American experience.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6397-4465</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хеннер</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khenner</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy K. Khenner – Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Professor, Department of Information Technology, Perm State National Research University; Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Education</p><p>Perm </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ehenner@psu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6797-5564</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фриз</surname><given-names>К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frieze</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фриз Кэрол – доктор философии, директор профессиональных организаций Women@SCS и SCS4ALL, Школа компьютерных наук</p><p>Питсбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Carol Frieze – Dr. Sci. (Philosophy), Director of Professional Organisations SCS4ALL and Women@SCS, School of Computer Science</p><p>Pittsburgh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cfrieze@andrew.cmu.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зейн</surname><given-names>О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zane</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зейн Оливия – административный ассистент и координатор по связям с общественностью профессиональных организаций SCS4ALL и Women@ SCS, Школа компьютерных наук</p><p>Питсбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olivia  Zane  –  Administrative  Assistant  and  Outreach  Coordinator  of Professional  Organisations  SCS4ALL  and  Women@SCS,  School  of  Computer Science</p><p>Pittsburgh</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ocz@andrew.cmu.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Perm State National Research University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Карнеги Меллон</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Carnegie Mellon University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>189</fpage><lpage>206</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хеннер Е.К., Фриз К., Зейн О., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хеннер Е.К., Фриз К., Зейн О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khenner E.K., Frieze C., Zane O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/1814">https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/1814</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Проблема относительно малой доли женщин, профессионально занятых в компьютинге (информатике и информационных технологиях), актуальна во всем мире. Несмотря на то, что ITспециалисты широко востребованы, женщины во многих странах, включая США и Россию, составляют не более четверти от их общего количества. Одна из причин указанного явления, по мнению авторов чрезвычайно весомая, кроется в системе образования.</p><p>Цель данного исследования – анализ факторов, приводящих к гендерной диспропорции в IT-профессиях, с помощью сравнения опыта двух стран, в которых информационные технологии исторически играют важную роль и которые сильно отличаются друг от друга по многим параметрам – экономическим, политическим, системам образования и иным.</p><p>Методология исследования – сопоставление данных о школьном и университетском IT-образовании в США и России и степени вовлеченности женщин в этих странах в область компьютерных технологий.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты работы</title><p>Результаты работы. Показано, что и в США, и в России гендерные диспропорции в IT-отрасли формируются в значительной мере в образовательной среде. Их появлению способствуют также транслируемые масс-медиа социокультурные стереотипы о программировании как исключительно мужской профессии. Системе образования необходимо повышать уверенность девушек и молодых женщин в возможности реализации их способностей в сфере информатики и информационных технологий. Образовательные учреждения должны содействовать ликвидации негативного отношения к выбору девушками IT-профессий.</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна. Впервые выявлены общие факторы в сфере образования, влияющие на гендерные диспропорции среди IT-специалистов в США и России – странах с существенно разными традициями и системами образования.</p><p>Практическая значимость работы состоит в обосновании условий совершенствования школьного и университетского образования для решения проблемы гендерного неравенства в IT-отрасли.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The  problem  of  the  relatively  small  number of women professionally employed in computing (computer science and information technology) is relevant throughout the world. Despite the fact that IT professionals are widely in demand, women in many countries, including theUSA andRussia, make up no more than a quarter of their total number, which requires explanation. One of the major reasons for this phenomenon, according to the authors, lies in the education system.</p><p>The aim of this article was to analyse the factors affecting gender imbalance in IT professions, by comparing two countries in which information technology has historically played an important role, and which are very different from each other in many ways – economic, political, educational system and others.</p></sec><sec><title>Research methodology</title><p>Research methodology. The present research is based on the comparison of data on IT education in schools and universities, and the degree of involvement of girls and women in computing in theUSA andRussia.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Both in theUSA and inRussia, gender imbalances in IT professions are formed largely in the field of education. Cultural stereotypes about computing as a male-dominated profession are produced by the media. Such stereotypes can discourage some girls and young women from studying computer science and also result in imbalance formation. The education system needs to increase the confidence of girls and young women in the possibilities of realising their abilities in the field of computer science and information technologies. Educational institutions should help to eliminate the negative attitude towards girls’ choice of IT professions.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientific novelty</title><p>Scientific novelty. For the first time, general factors in the field of education were identified that affect gender imbalances among IT professionals inRussia and theUSA – the countries with significantly different traditions and educational systems.</p><p>Practical significance of the present work is to justify the conditions for improving school and university education to solve the problem of gender inequality in IT industry.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>IT-образование</kwd><kwd>женщины в компьютинге</kwd><kwd>гендерные диспропорции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>IT education</kwd><kwd>women in computing</kwd><kwd>gender imbalances</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fayer S., Lacey A., Watson A. STEM Occupations: Past, Present, and Future. Washington D.C.: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2017. 35 p. 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