<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">edscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Образование и наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Education and science journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5639</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-5828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RSVPU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17853/1994-5639-2021-2-94-113</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">edscience-1987</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Тревога как преобладающий фактор успеваемости студентов математических направлений университета во время пандемии COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Anxiety as a prevailing factor of performance of university mathematics students during the COVID-19 pandemic</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мендоса</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mendoza</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мендоса Дерлинг – доктор педагогических наук, профессор-исследователь кафедры математики факультета образования; преподаватель математики кафедры экспериментальных наук</p><p>Scopus ID 57205188813, Research ID N-1162-2018</p><p>Кито (Пичинча)</p><p>Асогес (Каньяр)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Derling Mendoza– Dr. Sci. (Education), Research Professor, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Education; Teacher of Mathematics, Department of Experimental Sciences</p><p>Scopus ID 57205188813, Researcher ID N-1162-2018</p><p>Quito (Pichincha)</p><p>Azogues (El Cañar)</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">derling.mendoza@ute.edu.ec</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0618-3608</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сехас</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cejas</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сехас Магда – PhD (экономика и бизнес), профессор-исследователь кафедры исследований и управления факультета политических и административных наук; преподаватель эпистемологии и исследований кафедры управления</p><p>Researcher ID G-8211-2019</p><p>Риобамба (Чимборасо)</p><p>Латакунга (Котопахи)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Magda Cejas– PhD (Economics and Business), Research Professor, Research and Administration Department, Faculty of Political and Administrative Sciences; Teacher of Epistemology and Research, Department of Administration</p><p>Researcher ID G-8211-2019</p><p>Riobamba (Chimborazo)</p><p>Latacunga (Cotopaxi)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">magda.cejas@unach.edu.ec</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ривас</surname><given-names>Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rivas</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ривас Габриэла– магистр (педагогические исследования), преподаватель информатики кафедры исследований и разработки программного обеспечения; преподаватель педагогики и технологии факультета образования</p><p>Кито (Пичинча)</p><p>Баркисимето (Лара), Венесуэла</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gabriela Rivas – M. Sci. (Educational Research), Computer Education Teacher, Software Development and Research Department; Teacher of Education and Technology, Faculty of Education</p><p>Quito (Pichincha)</p><p>Barquisimeto (Lara), Venezuela</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gabrielarivasu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3834-2474</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варгyиллас</surname><given-names>К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Varguillas</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Варгyиллас Кармен – PhD (педагогика), профессор разработки учебных программ, преподаватель чтения и написания академических текстов кафедры педагогики экспериментальных математических и физических наук факультета образования, гуманитарных наук и технологий</p><p>Риобамба (Чимборасо)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Carmen Varguillas – PhD (Education), Professor of Curriculum Design, Teacher of Reading and Writing of Academic Texts, Department of Pedagogy of Experimental Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Education, Humanities and Technologies</p><p>Riobamba (Chimborazo)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cvarguillas@unach.edu.ec</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральный университет (UTE); Национальный университет образования (UNAE)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Universidad UTE; Universidad Nacional de Educación (UNAE)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный университет Чимборасо (UNACH); Университет вооруженных сил (ESPE)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo (UNACH); Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городской технологический институт Кито (ITSQMET); Экспериментальный университет образования Libertador (UPEL)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Instituto Tecnológico Superior Quito Metropolitano (ITSQMET); Libertador Experimental Pedagogical University (UPEL)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный университет Чимборасо (UNACH)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo (UNACH)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>94</fpage><lpage>113</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мендоса Д., Сехас М., Ривас Г., Варгyиллас К., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мендоса Д., Сехас М., Ривас Г., Варгyиллас К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mendoza D., Cejas M., Rivas G., Varguillas C.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/1987">https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/1987</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Тревога характеризуется чувством напряжения, опасения или страха. Она возникает из-за беспокойства студентов (особенно обучающихся точным наукам) по поводу своей успеваемости в университете, однако является доминирующим фактором успеваемости учащихся на всех уровнях.</p><p>Цель исследования – описать уровни тревоги, также известные как дистресс (напряжение), которые испытывали студенты математических факультетов Национального университета Чимборасо (UNACH) в течение первого академического семестра 2020 года.</p></sec><sec><title>Методология и методы</title><p>Методология и методы. Работа проведена с использованием количественной парадигмы и носит исследовательский описательный характер. Респондентами выступили 120 студентов, изучающих математику на разных уровнях и специальностях в Национальном университете Чимборасо (UNACH). Выборка была преднамеренной детерминированной. Критерий для включения – отсутствие тревожного расстройства у учащихся. В качестве инструмента измерения использовался «Инвентаризационный перечень тревожных ситуаций и ответов» (ISRA-B), который рассылался студентам по электронной почте для облегчения сбора данных.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Результаты были проанализированы путем расчета двухфакторного дисперсионного анализа ANOVA (изучение математики и понимание содержания). Результаты исследования показали, что существуют статистически значимые различия в понимании содержания, представленного преподавателями в виртуальном виде. Уровни «математической тревоги» повысились во время пандемии COVID-19. Преподавание математики в университете в онлайн-формате требует оценки интернет-соединения и сдачи заданий в сжатые сроки. Эти факторы ограничивают понимание и порождают «математическую тревогу».</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна. При очном обучении часто встречается «математическая тревога». Из-за пандемии математическое образование вынуждено было мигрировать в виртуальную среду. Данное исследование отражает влияние тревоги не только на математическое образование и успеваемость, но и на эмоции учащихся. Средства сбора данных ISRA-B-C, ISRA-B-F и ISRA-B-M являются инновационными и адаптируемыми для всех уровней образования.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость. Важность математики и завышение ее сложности вызывают большую озабоченность при изучении этого предмета в высших учебных заведениях. Современные исследования виртуальной «математической тревоги» важны, так как позволяют обнаружить и проанализировать возможные недостатки в дистанционном образовании, которые отражаются не только на успеваемости и обучении, но и на эмоциональном состоянии учащихся.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Anxiety is characterised by feelings of tension, apprehension or fear. It arises from concern about student performance at university, with an emphasis on exact science subjects. It is not only students, who suffer from mathematical anxiety. However, anxiety is a predominant factor in student performance at all levels.</p><p>The aim of the research was to describe the levels of anxiety also known as distress manifested by university mathematics students studying at the Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo (UNACH) during the 2020-1 academic semester.</p><p>Methodology and research methods. The current study was carried out applying the quantitative paradigm. It is of a descriptive exploratory design. The total sample consisted of 120 students, who are preparing at their university level, and, who are studying the subject of mathematics at different levels and careers at UNACH. The selection of the sample was of an intentional non-probabilistic type and having as inclusion criteria not having been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. As a measurement instrument, the Short Inventory of Anxiety Situations and Responses-ISRA-B was applied. ISRA-B was sent to students by email to facilitate data collection.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The results were analysed by means of the two-factor ANOVA calculation (mathematics and understanding). The results showed that there are statistically significant differences in the understanding of the contents presented by the teachers in a virtual way. During the COVID-19 pandemic the levels of mathematical anxiety increased. Teaching mathematics at university in online format requires the assessment of digital connection and time limited submission of assignments. These factors limit understanding and generate mathematical anxiety. Scientific novelty. In face-to-face education, mathematical anxiety is common. But because of the pandemic, mathematics education has had to migrate to the virtual environment. The present research reflects the impact of anxiety not only on mathematics education and academic performance but also on the emotions of students. The data collection instruments ISRA-B-C, ISRA-B-F and ISRA-B-M are innovative and adaptable to all levels of education.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance. The importance of mathematics and the overestimation of its difficulties cause great concern for the learning of this subject in studies at a higher university level. The current studies of virtual mathematical anxiety are important because they allow the detection and analysis of possible educational failures in online learning. The failures of online education have a direct impact not only on performance and learning, but on an emotional state of students.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>университетское образование</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>математика</kwd><kwd>тревога</kwd><kwd>количественные исследования</kwd><kwd>Эквадор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>university education</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>mathematics</kwd><kwd>anxiety</kwd><kwd>quantitative research</kwd><kwd>Ecuador</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Podkhodova N., Snegurova V., Stefanova N., Triapitsyna A., Pisareva S. Assessment of mathematics teachers’ professional competence. Journal on Mathematics Education. 2020; 11 (3): 477–500.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Podkhodova N., Snegurova V., Stefanova N., Triapitsyna A., Pisareva S. Assessment of mathematics teachers’ professional competence. Journal on Mathematics Education. 2020; 11 (3): 477–500.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lara Barragán A. Internal Report University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering of the University of Guadalajara. Guadalajara: Department of Physics. Guadalajara: Mexico; 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lara Barragán A. Internal Report University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering of the University of Guadalajara. Guadalajara: Department of Physics. Guadalajara: Mexico; 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mendoza D., La Madriz J., López M., Ramón V. Research competencies of higher-education teaching staff based on emotional intelligence. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 2018; 9 (5): 41–52. DOI: 10.2478/mjss-2018-0137</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mendoza D., La Madriz J., López M., Ramón V. Research competencies of higher-education teaching staff based on emotional intelligence. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 2018; 9 (5): 41–52. DOI: 10.2478/mjss-2018-0137</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Santibáñez Velilla J. Pygmalion effect of the teacher on the student’s encouragement, in Communication and Pedagogy. New Technologies and Teaching Resources. 2001; 176: 17–24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Santibáñez Velilla J. Pygmalion effect of the teacher on the student’s encouragement, in Communication and Pedagogy. New Technologies and Teaching Resources. 2001; 176: 17–24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Viseu F., Martins P., Leite L. Prospective primary school teachers’ activities when dealing with mathematics modelling tasks. Journal on Mathematics Education. 2020; 11 (2): 301–318. DOI: 10.22342/jme.11.2.7946.301-318</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Viseu F., Martins P., Leite L. Prospective primary school teachers’ activities when dealing with mathematics modelling tasks. Journal on Mathematics Education. 2020; 11 (2): 301–318. DOI: 10.22342/jme.11.2.7946.301-318</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ledoux J. The emotional brain, fear, and the amygdala. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. 2003; 23 (4): 727–738. DOI: 10.1023/A:1025048802629</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ledoux J. The emotional brain, fear, and the amygdala. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. 2003; 23 (4): 727–738. DOI: 10.1023/A:1025048802629</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cano-Vindel A., Dongil-Collado E., Salguero J., Wood C. Cognitive behavioural intervention in anxiety disorders: An update. Psychological Information. 2011; 102: 4–27. (In Spanish)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cano-Vindel A., Dongil-Collado E., Salguero J., Wood C. Cognitive behavioural intervention in anxiety disorders: An update. Psychological Information. 2011; 102: 4–27. (In Spanish)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zivcic Becirevic I., Smojver Azic S., Martinac Dorcic T., Juretic J. Depression and anxiety in university students. Psychiatry. 2015; 18 (4): 32–33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zivcic Becirevic I., Smojver Azic S., Martinac Dorcic T., Juretic J. Depression and anxiety in university students. Psychiatry. 2015; 18 (4): 32–33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Graham C. Characteristics of individuals with fear of spiders. Anxiety Research. 1991; 4 (4): 299–314. DOI: 10.1080/08917779208248798</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Graham C. Characteristics of individuals with fear of spiders. Anxiety Research. 1991; 4 (4): 299–314. DOI: 10.1080/08917779208248798</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Addison N. The doll and pedagogic mediation: Teaching children to fear the ‘other’. Sex Education. 2008; 8 (3): 263–276. DOI: 10.1080/14681810802218148</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Addison N. The doll and pedagogic mediation: Teaching children to fear the ‘other’. Sex Education. 2008; 8 (3): 263–276. DOI: 10.1080/14681810802218148</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Islam F. Psychological distress and its association with socio-demographic factors in a rural district in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE. 2019; 14 (3): e0212765. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212765</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Islam F. Psychological distress and its association with socio-demographic factors in a rural district in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE. 2019; 14 (3): e0212765. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212765</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morris J., Firkins A., Millings A., Mohr Ch., Redford P., Rowe A. Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety and insomnia in a higher education context. Anxiety, Stress, &amp; Coping. 2015; 29 (4): 415–4317. DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2015.1058924</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morris J., Firkins A., Millings A., Mohr Ch., Redford P., Rowe A. Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety and insomnia in a higher education context. Anxiety, Stress, &amp; Coping. 2015; 29 (4): 415–4317. DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2015.1058924</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gould D., Krane V. The arousal-athletic performance relationship: Current status and future directions. In: T. Horn (ed.). Advances in sport psychology. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 1992. p. 119–141.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gould D., Krane V. The arousal-athletic performance relationship: Current status and future directions. In: T. Horn (ed.). Advances in sport psychology. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 1992. p. 119–141.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Serrano C., Rojas A., Ruggero C. Depression, anxiety and academic performance in college students. Intercontinental Journal of Psychology and Education. 2013; 15 (1): 47–60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Serrano C., Rojas A., Ruggero C. Depression, anxiety and academic performance in college students. Intercontinental Journal of Psychology and Education. 2013; 15 (1): 47–60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agudelo D. M., Casadiegos C. P., Sánchez D. L. Characteristics of anxiety and depression in college students. International Journal of Psychological Research. 2008; 1 (1): 34–39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agudelo D. M., Casadiegos C. P., Sánchez D. L. Characteristics of anxiety and depression in college students. International Journal of Psychological Research. 2008; 1 (1): 34–39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pedrelli P., Nyer M., Yeung A., Zulauf C., Wilens T. College students: Mental health problems and treatment considerations. Academic Psychiatry: The Journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry. 2015; 39 (5): 503–511. DOI: 10.1007/s40596-014-0205-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pedrelli P., Nyer M., Yeung A., Zulauf C., Wilens T. College students: Mental health problems and treatment considerations. Academic Psychiatry: The Journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry. 2015; 39 (5): 503–511. DOI: 10.1007/s40596-014-0205-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palacios A., Hidalgo S., Maroto A., Ortega T. Causes and consequences of mathematics anxiety. A structural equation mode. Enseñanza de las Ciencias. 2013; 31 (2): 93–111. (In Spanish)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palacios A., Hidalgo S., Maroto A., Ortega T. Causes and consequences of mathematics anxiety. A structural equation mode. Enseñanza de las Ciencias. 2013; 31 (2): 93–111. (In Spanish)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hembree R. The nature, effects, and relief of mathematics anxiety. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education. 1990; 21 (1): 33–46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hembree R. The nature, effects, and relief of mathematics anxiety. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education. 1990; 21 (1): 33–46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Escalera-Chávez M., Moreno-García E., García-Santillán A., Córdova-Rangel A. Factors that promote the level of anxiety towards mathematics in upper middle-level students in the Rioverde San Luis Potosí region. European Journal of Education Studies. 2016; 2 (1): 8–22. DOI: 10.46827/ejes.v0i0.171 (In Spanish)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Escalera-Chávez M., Moreno-García E., García-Santillán A., Córdova-Rangel A. Factors that promote the level of anxiety towards mathematics in upper middle-level students in the Rioverde San Luis Potosí region. European Journal of Education Studies. 2016; 2 (1): 8–22. DOI: 10.46827/ejes.v0i0.171 (In Spanish)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith S. Early childhood mathematics. Boston: Allyn &amp; Bacon; 1997. 278 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith S. Early childhood mathematics. Boston: Allyn &amp; Bacon; 1997. 278 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seng E. The influence of the pre-university students’ mathematics test anxiety and numerical anxiety on mathematical performance. International Education Studies. 2015; 8 (11): 162–168.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seng E. The influence of the pre-university students’ mathematics test anxiety and numerical anxiety on mathematical performance. International Education Studies. 2015; 8 (11): 162–168.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Devine A., Fawcett K., Szucs D., Dowker A. Gender differences in math sensitivity and relationship to mathematical performance while controlling exam anxiety. Behavioral and Brain Functions. 2012; 8 (1): 33–41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Devine A., Fawcett K., Szucs D., Dowker A. Gender differences in math sensitivity and relationship to mathematical performance while controlling exam anxiety. Behavioral and Brain Functions. 2012; 8 (1): 33–41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hernández R., Fernández C., Baptista M. Research methodology. Mexico: Mc Graw Hill; 2014. 600 p. (In Spanish)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hernández R., Fernández C., Baptista M. Research methodology. Mexico: Mc Graw Hill; 2014. 600 p. (In Spanish)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erba J., Ternes B., Bobkowski P., Logan T., Liu Y. Sampling methods and sample populations in quantitative mass communication research studies: A 15-year census of six journals. Communication Research Reports. 2018; 35 (1): 42–47. DOI: 10.1080/08824096.2017.1362632</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erba J., Ternes B., Bobkowski P., Logan T., Liu Y. Sampling methods and sample populations in quantitative mass communication research studies: A 15-year census of six journals. Communication Research Reports. 2018; 35 (1): 42–47. DOI: 10.1080/08824096.2017.1362632</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nguyen Hoang T., Duong Thi A., Mai Van L., Nguyen Minh N., Nguyen Thanh V. Formative assessment in the teacher education in Vietnam. Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 21]; 47 (8): 1–18. Available from: http://jonuns.com/index.php/journal/article/download/429/427</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nguyen Hoang T., Duong Thi A., Mai Van L., Nguyen Minh N., Nguyen Thanh V. Formative assessment in the teacher education in Vietnam. Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 21]; 47 (8): 1–18. Available from: http://jonuns.com/index.php/journal/article/download/429/427</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zahran Al Kindy A., Mad Shah I., Jusoh A. Consideration and methodological approaches in studying transformational leadership impact on work performance behaviors. International Journal of Advanced Research. 2016; 4 (1): 889–907.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zahran Al Kindy A., Mad Shah I., Jusoh A. Consideration and methodological approaches in studying transformational leadership impact on work performance behaviors. International Journal of Advanced Research. 2016; 4 (1): 889–907.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tobal M., Cano A. Brief Anxiety Situations and Responses Inventory–ISRA. B. Experimental version. Madrid: TEA; 1994. 42 p. (In Spanish)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tobal M., Cano A. Brief Anxiety Situations and Responses Inventory–ISRA. B. Experimental version. Madrid: TEA; 1994. 42 p. (In Spanish)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tobal M., Cano A. Anxiety Situations and Response Inventory Manual – ISRA-B [M]. Madrid: TEA; 1986. 45 p. (In Spanish)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tobal M., Cano A. Anxiety Situations and Response Inventory Manual – ISRA-B [M]. Madrid: TEA; 1986. 45 p. (In Spanish)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mendoza D., Gomez S., Gomez J. The emotional intelligence for the improvement of the teaching competences in the facilitators of the Universidad Iberoamericana del Ecuador. Opción. 2018; 34 (18): 2018–2048. (In Spanish)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mendoza D., Gomez S., Gomez J. The emotional intelligence for the improvement of the teaching competences in the facilitators of the Universidad Iberoamericana del Ecuador. Opción. 2018; 34 (18): 2018–2048. (In Spanish)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cano A., Miguel J. Inventory of situations and responses of manual ISRA anxiety. Madrid: TEA Editions; 1997. 46 p. (In Spanish)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cano A., Miguel J. Inventory of situations and responses of manual ISRA anxiety. Madrid: TEA Editions; 1997. 46 p. (In Spanish)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leurs K., Smets K. Five questions for digital migration studies: Learning from digital connectivity and forced migration in(to) Europe. Social Media + Society. 2018; 1–16. DOI: 10.1177/2056305118764425</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leurs K., Smets K. Five questions for digital migration studies: Learning from digital connectivity and forced migration in(to) Europe. Social Media + Society. 2018; 1–16. DOI: 10.1177/2056305118764425</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu S., Yang L., Zhang C., Xiang Y., Liu Z., Hu S. Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020; 7 (e1): 7–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu S., Yang L., Zhang C., Xiang Y., Liu Z., Hu S. Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020; 7 (e1): 7–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aning A., Baharum A. E-learning design in Malaysian higher educational institutions: Principles and guidelines. Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 21]; 47 (10): 123–130. Available from: http://jonuns.com/index.php/journal/article/download/455/453</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aning A., Baharum A. E-learning design in Malaysian higher educational institutions: Principles and guidelines. Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 21]; 47 (10): 123–130. Available from: http://jonuns.com/index.php/journal/article/download/455/453</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zulkardi Z., Meryansumayeka M., Putri R., Alwi Z., Nusantara D., Ambarita S., Maharani Y., Puspitasari L. How students work with pisa-like mathematical tasks using COVID-19 context. Journal on Mathematics Education. 2020; 11 (3): 405–416. DOI: 10.22342/jme.11.3.12915.405-416</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zulkardi Z., Meryansumayeka M., Putri R., Alwi Z., Nusantara D., Ambarita S., Maharani Y., Puspitasari L. How students work with pisa-like mathematical tasks using COVID-19 context. Journal on Mathematics Education. 2020; 11 (3): 405–416. DOI: 10.22342/jme.11.3.12915.405-416</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
