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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">edscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Образование и наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Education and science journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5639</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-5828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RSVPU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17853/1994-5639-2021-7-41-70</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">edscience-2331</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>VOCATIONAL EDUCATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Актуальное состояние взаимодействия профессиональных образовательных организаций и предприятий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Current status of interaction between vet institutions and enterprises</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8607-9159</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блинов</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blinov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Блинов Владимир Игоревич, доктор педагогических наук, профессор, директор Научно-исследовательского центра профессионального образования и систем квалификаций</p><p>Scopus ID 57195362638</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Blinov Vladimir I., Dr. Sci. (Education), Professor, Director of the Research Center of Vocational Education and Training and Qualification Systems</p><p>Scopus ID 57195362638</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">blinov-vi@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9813-3746</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сатдыков</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Satdykov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сатдыков Айрат Илдарович, заместитель директора Научно-исследовательского центра профессионального образования и систем квалификаций</p><p>Scopus ID 57207467731</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Satdykov Ayrat I., Deputy Director of the Research Center of Vocational Education and Training and Qualification Systems</p><p>Scopus ID 57207467731</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">satdykov-ai@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5857-4416</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селиверстова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seliverstova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Селиверстова Ирина Валерьевна, заместитель директора Научно-исследовательского центра мониторинга и статистики образования</p><p>WOS research ID U-2406-2018</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Seliverstova Irina V., Deputy Director of the Research Center of Educational Statistics and Monitoring</p><p>WOS research ID U-2406-2018</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">selwerstova-iv@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный институт развития образования Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Institute for Education Development of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Блинов В.И., Сатдыков А.И., Селиверстова И.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Блинов В.И., Сатдыков А.И., Селиверстова И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Blinov V.I., Satdykov A.I., Seliverstova I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/2331">https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/2331</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Введение института обучения на рабочем месте и совместная реализация образовательных программ профессионального образования между предприятиями и образовательными организациями - важнейшее направление образовательной политики развитых стран. В Российской Федерации на протяжении последнего десятилетия такого рода партнерские отношения выстраивались как путем спонтанной самоорганизации, так и целенаправленно в форме отдельных государственных проектов. В целом же приоритет государственной политики в сфере среднего профессионального образования был смещен в сторону чемпионатного движения. Вследствие этого не формировалась система институциональных и экономических условий, которые позволили бы привлекать предприятия к подготовке специалистов. Также не происходило полноценного наращения информации о динамике развития различных форм такого партнерства, позволяющего оценить текущее состояние этих взаимоотношений и провести международное сопоставление.</p><p>Цель статьи - сформировать актуальную картину взаимодействия отечественных предприятий с профессиональными образовательными организациями, восполнив недостаток существующих количественных данных, и проверить гипотезу о том, что в существующих институциональных условиях уровень взаимодействия между предприятиями и профессиональными образовательными организациями в РФ отстает от аналогичных международных показателей.</p><p>Методология, методы и методики. В работе применялись методы социально-исторического и теоретико-методологического анализа, построения гипотез, оценки и обобщения. Формирование эмпирической части исследования происходило методами вторичного анализа отечественных и зарубежных исследований по вопросам развития системы профессионального образования и ее взаимодействия с рынком труда, компаративного и ретроспективного анализа статистических данных российских и международных исследований, анкетного опроса и контент-анализа сайтов профессиональных образовательных организаций и предприятий. В исследовании участвовали 603 профессиональных образовательных организации из 29 субъектов РФ.</p><p>Результаты и научная новизна. Одним из важнейших результатов исследования стало системное описание актуального состояния взаимодействия профессиональных образовательных организаций и предприятий Российской Федерации: были зафиксированы основные направления и формы взаимодействия в конце второго десятилетия XXI века (формирование образовательных программ, поведение практики и ознакомление с производственным процессом, оценка образовательных результатов); были определены перспективы развития партнерских отношений, в том числе при условии создания соответствующих экономических и институциональных условий; представлена российская специфика отношений системы профессионального образования и рынка труда, которую можно обозначить как негармоничное партнерство с активной артикуляцией работодателем запроса на качественный человеческий ресурс без соразмерного участия в его формировании. Проведение количественной оценки уровня взаимодействия предприятий и профессиональных образовательных организаций в России на современном этапе позволило сравнить его с показателями зарубежных стран. В нашей стране был выявлен более низкий уровень вложений (особенно финансовых) в развитие человеческого капитала студентов со стороны предприятий.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость. Разработанный в ходе исследования социологический инструмент и схемы динамического и компаративного анализа могут быть использованы в дальнейших исследованиях по системе образования и в смежных областях. Результаты исследования могут найти свое применение в практической сфере при формировании и реализации мер образовательной политики.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The implementation of work-based learning in the process of joint vocational instruction by enterprises and VET (vocational education and training) institutions is the most important focus of the educational policy in developed countries. In the Russian Federation, over the past decade, such kind of partnership has been developing both through spontaneous self-organisation and purposefully in the form of several government projects. VET education policy was focused mainly on implementing the World Skills championship movement in the domestic field. As a result, no fundamental changes in institutional and economic structure were implemented to make apprenticeship training compelling for enterprises. Nevertheless, no full-fledged accumulation of information on the dynamics of the development of various forms of work-based learning was carried out to prevent the decent assessment of the current state of apprenticeship training in the Russian Federation and to conduct a comparative international analysis.</p><p>The present article aims to determine the current status of interaction between enterprises and VET institutions, fulfil the lack of quantitative information on the topic, and test the hypothesis that under the current institutional conditions the interaction frequency and intensity between enterprises and VET institutions in the Russian Federation lag behind similar international indicators.</p><p>Methodology and research methods. In the course of the research, the methods of socio-historical analysis, the instruments of theoretical and methodological analysis, hypothesis building, assessment and generalisation methods were applied. The empirical part of the present research was formed by the methods of secondary analysis of the Russian and foreign studies on the development of the VET and its interaction with the labour market. In addition, the method of comparative and retrospective analysis of statistical data from Russian and international studies was employed. Finally, the method of questionnaire survey and the method of content analysis of websites of educational institutions and enterprises were used. The study involved 603 VET institutions from 29 constituent entities of the Russian Federation.</p><p>Results and scientific novelty. One of the most significant research findings is a systemic description of the current status of the partnership between VET institutions and enterprises in the Russian Federation. Main directions and forms of interaction between VET institutions and enterprises in Russia at the end of the second decade of the XXI century were outlined (curricula development, internship for students, and participation in education results assessment). The prospects for the development of partnership between VET institutions and enterprises and the influencing factors (economic and institutional) were determined. The particular Russian characteristics of the interaction between the VET system and the labour market were identified and described as an inharmonious partnership with the employer’s active articulation of a request for a high-quality human resource without proportionate participation in its instruction. The quantitative assessment of current interaction between enterprises and VET institutions in Russia allowed comparative analysis with the indicators of foreign countries to be conducted. In our country, the authors revealed a lower level of enterprises investments (especially financial ones) in the students’ human capital development.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance. The sociological toolkit and schemes of dynamic and comparative analysis developed in the course of the research can be used in further research on the education system and on the related issues. The research findings can be applied while planning and implementing educational policy measures.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>среднее профессиональное образование</kwd><kwd>трансакционные издержки</kwd><kwd>институт ученичества</kwd><kwd>производственное обучение</kwd><kwd>социологическое исследование.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vocational education and training</kwd><kwd>transaction costs</kwd><kwd>apprenticeship training</kwd><kwd>work-based learning</kwd><kwd>social research</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках гранта, предоставленного Министерством науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (соглашение № 075-15­ 2020-908 о предоставлении гранта «Создание научного центра мирового уровня, выполняющего исследования и разработки по приоритету научно-технологического развития (Центр междисциплинарных исследований человеческого потенциала)»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared in the framework of a research grant funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (grant ID: 075-15-2020-908 “Creation of a world-class scientific centre carrying out R&amp;D studies according to the priority of scientific and technological development (The Center for Interdisciplinary Research of Human Potential)”)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuczera M. 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