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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">edscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Образование и наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Education and science journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5639</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-5828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RSVPU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17853/1994-5639-2021-7-99-121</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">edscience-2337</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЩИЕ ВОПРОСЫ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENERAL EDUCATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Демократизация системы образования через партисипаторные практики в школах и университетах США</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Democratisation of educational systems through participatory approaches in US schools and universities</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7677-741X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаврилова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гаврилова Надежда Владимировна, PhD in Science of Communication, ведущий эксперт Высшей школы экономики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gavrilova Nadezhda V., PhD (Science of Communication), Leading Expert</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7271-944X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шугуренский</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Schugurensky</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шугуренский Даниил, PhD in Educational Policy Studies, профессор Школы публичной политики и социальной трансформации</p><p>Финикс</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Schugurenky Daniel, PhD (Educational Policy Studies), Professor, School of Public Affairs and School of Social Transformation, Director, Participatory Governance Initiative</p><p>Phoenix</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Высшая школа экономики</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Higher School of Economics</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Аризонский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Arizona State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>121</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гаврилова Н.В., Шугуренский Д., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гаврилова Н.В., Шугуренский Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gavrilova N.V., Schugurensky D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/2337">https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/2337</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В статье анализируется современный образовательный подход в сфере обществоведения и практических финансов, демократизации системы принятия решений в учреждениях образования через активное вовлечение учащихся на примере школ и университетов США. В основе такого подхода лежит инициативное, или партисипаторное, бюджетирование - то есть вовлечение самих учащихся в распределение части бюджета школы или вуза. Эта партисипаторная практика преследует с одной стороны образовательные цели, а с другой стороны административные, поскольку помогает улучшить качество управления учреждением образования через вовлечение учащихся в принятие ключевых решений. Учёт мнений конечных бенефициаров работы системы образования в лице самих учащихся помогает повысить эффективность работы образовательного учреждения.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Выявление и методологическое описание партисипаторных методик на примере реальных кейсов, которые могут интегрировать обучение теоретическим знаниям в сфере гражданского общества и формирование практических навыков в этой сфере.</p><p>Методология и методики исследования. В работе были использованы кабинетный метод анализа первичных и вторичных источников (сайты учреждений образования, академические публикации, статьи в СМИ) и полевой социологический метод экспертных интервью. В ходе исследования были проведены экспертные интервью с учащимися, представителями ряда школ и университетов, преподавателями, гражданскими активистами, сотрудниками администраций учреждений образования, а также экспертами Participatory Budgeting Project, ведущей консалтинговой организации в Северной Америке в исследуемой сфере.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Результаты исследования раскрывают несколько партисипаторных методик вовлечения учащихся в распределение бюджетных средств школ и университетов, которые применяются в образовательных учреждениях Нью-Йорка и Аризоны. Выявленные и описанные технологии участия способствуют формированию у учащихся знаний по социально-экономическим дисциплинам, практическим финансам и граждановедению, навыков проектного менеджмента, а также повышению гражданской активности.</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна. Исследование позволило расширить представления о путях совершенствования преподавания социально-экономических дисциплин и формирования активной гражданской позиции учащихся через проектную деятельность по вовлечению в расходование части бюджета учебного заведения. Выявлен метод повышения эффективности образовательных учреждений через демократические практики.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость. Выявленный подход может быть применен в российских образовательных организациях.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. This article examines the modern educational approach in the field of liberal arts and practical finance, democratisation of the decision-making system in educational institutions through the active engagement of students on the example of US schools and universities. This approach is based on initiative, or participatory budgeting, i.e. students are involved in the process of allocation of budgetary funds of schools and universities. Such participatory practice has educational and administrative objectives, as it serves to improve the quality management in educational institutions through the involvement of students in major decisions. Taking into account the fact that students are the key beneficiaries of the education system, their opinions lead to increased efficiency in educational institutions.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. On the basis of real cases, the current research is aimed to identify and describe participatory techniques that can integrate the teaching of theoretical knowledge in the field of civil society with the formation of practical skills in this area.</p><p>Methodology and research methods. Desk research method of analysing primary and secondary sources (websites of educational institutions, academic publications, and articles in the media) and the field sociological method of expert interviews were used. Expert interviews with representatives of schools and universities, teachers, officers from educational institutions, consultants from the Participatory Budgeting Project, the leading consulting organisation in North America were conducted.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The results of the study reveal several participatory techniques for students’ engagement in the allocation of budgetary funds of schools and universities that are applied in New York and Arizona. The identified and described technologies of participation contribute to the formation of students’ knowledge of socio-economic disciplines, practical finance and civics, project management skills, as well as an increase in civic engagement.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientific novelty</title><p>Scientific novelty. The present study expands the ideas about how to improve the process of teaching social and economic disciplines at schools and universities, practical finance and project management. The method of improving the efficiency of educational institutions through democratic practices is identified.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance. In the future, the proposed approach can be applied in Russian educational institutions.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>партисипаторное обучение</kwd><kwd>партисипаторное управление</kwd><kwd>партисипаторное бюджетирование</kwd><kwd>инициативное бюджетирование</kwd><kwd>участие граждан</kwd><kwd>прямая демократия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>participatory education</kwd><kwd>participatory management participatory budgeting</kwd><kwd>initiative budgeting</kwd><kwd>citizen participation</kwd><kwd>direct democracy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reichert F., Torney-Purta J. 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