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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">edscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Образование и наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Education and science journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5639</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-5828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RSVPU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17853/1994-5639-2021-9-81-114</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">edscience-2460</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЩИЕ ВОПРОСЫ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENERAL EDUCATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Как связаны характеристики национальных образовательных систем и социальное неравенство?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>How are the characteristics of national educational systems related to social inequality?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5403-6875</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агранович</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Agranovich</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Агранович Марк Львович – кандидат экономических наук, директор НИЦ Мониторинга и статистики образования</p><p>Scopus ID 6602566231,</p><p>Researcher ID AAS-2010-2021</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mark L. Agranovich – Cand. Sci. (Economics), Head of Research Center for Education Monitoring and Statistics, Federal Institute for Educational Development</p><p>Scopus ID 6602566231,</p><p>Researcher ID AAS-2010-2021</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">agranovich-ml@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3880-5202</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дренёва</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dreneva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дренёва Анна Александровна – научный сотрудник НИЦ Мониторинга и статистики образования Федерального института развития образования</p><p>Scopus ID 57204860455,</p><p>Researcher ID A-5950-2018</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Dreneva – Research Fellow, Research Center for Education Monitoring and Statistics, Federal Institute for Educational Development</p><p>Scopus ID 6602566231,</p><p>Researcher ID AAS-2010-2021</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dreneva-aa@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации, Федеральный институт развития образования</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Federal Institute for Educational Development</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>81</fpage><lpage>114</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Агранович М.Л., Дренёва А.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Агранович М.Л., Дренёва А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Agranovich M.L., Dreneva A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/2460">https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/2460</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Влияние образования на социально-экономические показатели стран является предметом многих исследований, в которых отмечается положительный характер воздействия индикаторов образования на экономические и социальные показатели.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Данная статья посвящена изучению связи показателей образовательных систем и одной из характеристик социально-экономического развития общества – социального неравенства.</p><p>Методология, методы и методики. В статье с помощью корреляционного анализа рассматриваются связи показателей национальных образовательных систем, отражающих участие населения в образовании, структуру выпуска по образовательным программам, качество среднего образования, организацию образовательного процесса, объемы и структуру финансирования образования, с одной стороны, и социального неравенства, с другой. Социальное неравенство оценивается по статистическому показателю, который используется для характеристики уровня экономического неравенства в стране, – индексу Джини. В статье анализируются данные образовательной статистики стран Организации экономического сотрудничества и развития (ОЭСР), России и стран-партнеров, участвующих в образовательных исследованиях ОЭСР.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Полученные результаты указывают на связь многих показателей образования и индекса Джини и показывают некоторые особенности этих связей в России. В частности, была обнаружена взаимосвязь индекса социального неравенства с такими группами образовательных индикаторов, как уровень образования населения (значения коэффициента ранговой корреляции Спирмена варьируют от -0,68 для уровня полного среднего профессионально-технического образования до 0,51 для уровня полного среднего общего образования), участие населения в образовании (коэффициент корреляции с интегральным показателем участия в образовании – средним числом лет обучения – составил -0,64), качество образования (положительная взаимосвязь с долей школьников, не достигших второго уровня читательской грамотности в международном тестировании Programme for International Student Assessment – PISA, отраженная в коэффициенте корреляции, равном 0,56), организация учебного процесса (положительный коэффициент корреляции с размером класса, равный 0,61) и показатели финансирования образования (отрицательные коэффициенты корреляции для начального и среднего образования – -0,48, а также третичного образования – -0,57). Важно отметить, что показатели, связанные с магистерским образованием, показывают большую связь с социальным неравенством, чем отражающие масштабы бакалавриата и коротких программ третичного образования.</p><p>Научная новизна исследования заключается в детальном анализе детерминант показателей образовательных систем в их взаимосвязи с социальным неравенством, соотнесении рассматриваемых значений по Российской Федерации с другими странами.</p><p>Практическая значимость исследования включает формирование информационно-аналитической основы для корректировки дальнейшей политики в сфере образования с учетом социально-экономических факторов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. A great deal of research concerns the impact of education on the socio-economic performance in different countries, with highlighting the positive impact of education.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. The current research is devoted to the relationship between educational indicators and social inequality representing the socio-economic development.</p><p>Methodology and research methods. By having the use of correlation analysis, the authors examined the relationship between the indicators of national educational systems, including the participation of the population in education, the structure of graduation in educational programmes, the quality of secondary education, the organisation of the educational process, the volume and structure of education funding, on the one hand, and social inequality, on the other. Social inequality was measured using the Gini index, which represents the level of income inequality in the country. The authors also investigated the educational statistics data in the OECD countries, Russia and some other countries participating in the OECD educational research.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The results revealed the relationship between many educational indicators and the Gini index, as well as showed several features of these relationships in Russia. In particular, the authors observed a relationship between the social inequality index and such groups of educational indicators as the level of education (the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient varies from -0,68 for the level of upper-secondary vocational education to 0,51 for the level of upper-secondary general education), participation of the population in education (the correlation coefficient with the integral indicator of participation in education, the average number of years of learning, was -0,64), the quality of education (a positive relationship with the proportion of students, who have not reached the second level of reading literacy in the Programme for International Student Assessment – PISA, reflected in the correlation coefficient equal to 0,56), the organisation of the educational process (positive correlation coefficient with class size equal to 0,61) and the indicators of education financing (negative correlation coefficients for primary and secondary education – -0.48, as well as for tertiary education – -0.57). It is important to note that the indicators related to master’s degree programmes show a greater negative correlation with social inequality than those reflecting the scale of bachelor’s degree programmes and short tertiary programmes.</p><p>Scientific novelty of the research includes the detailed analysis of the determinants influencing the national educational systems in their relationship with social inequality, as well as the correlation between these parameters in Russia as compared with other countries.</p><p>Practical significance of the study involves the development of the information and analytical basis for adjusting further policy in the sphere of education with taking into account socio-economic factors.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>показатели образования</kwd><kwd>индекс Джини</kwd><kwd>корреляционный анализ</kwd><kwd>социальное неравенство</kwd><kwd>профессиональное образование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>education indicators</kwd><kwd>Gini index</kwd><kwd>correlation analysis</kwd><kwd>social inequality</kwd><kwd>tertiary education</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Psacharopoulos G., Patrinos H. 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