<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">edscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Образование и наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Education and science journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5639</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-5828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RSVPU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17853/1994-5639-2022-1-101-134</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">edscience-2545</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>VOCATIONAL EDUCATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Развитие предпринимательских компетенций студентов бакалавриата России и Чехии: гендерный аспект</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Development of entrepreneurial competencies of Russian and Czech undergraduate students: Gender aspect</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7614-3118</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пеша</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pesha</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пеша Анастасия Владимировна – кандидат экономических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры экономики труда и управления персоналом</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya V. Pesha – Cand. Sci. (Economics), Associate Professor, Department of Labour Economics and Human Resources Management</p><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">myrabota2011@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8137-4829</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шавровская</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shavrovskaya</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шавровская Марина Николаевна – кандидат экономических наук, доцент кафедры экономики труда и управления персоналом</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina N. Shavrovskaya – Cand. Sci. (Economics), Associate Professor, Department of Labour Economics and Human Resources Management</p><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marina_bel@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2363-034X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каха</surname><given-names>З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Caha</surname><given-names>Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каха Зденек – кандидат наук, декан факультета корпоративной стратегии, заведующий кафедрой управления человеческими ресурсами</p><p>Ческе-Будеевице</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zdeněk Caha – PhD, MBA, M. Sci., Director of the Faculty of Corporate Strategy</p><p>České Budějovice</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">caha@mail.vstecb.cz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский государственный экономический университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural State University of Economics</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт технологий и бизнеса в Ческе-Будеевице</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Technology and Business in Ceske Budejovice</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>101</fpage><lpage>134</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пеша А.В., Шавровская М.Н., Каха З., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пеша А.В., Шавровская М.Н., Каха З.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pesha A.V., Shavrovskaya M.N., Caha Z.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/2545">https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/2545</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. В последнее время перед преподавателями вузов стоит задача по развитию не только профессиональных знаний, умений и навыков, но и надпрофессиональных компетенций. Всестороннее развитие студентов университетов оказывает влияние на формирование личности специалиста, обеспечивает его адаптивность и устойчивость к вызовам внешней среды, готовность выпускника демонстрировать высокие показатели эффективности в выбранной сфере деятельности. Среди надпрофессиональных компетенций можно выделить отдельный кластер предпринимательских компетенций, которые обеспечивают развертывание коммерческого мышления и являются драйвером развития экономики государства. Между тем в некоторых публикациях существует ряд фактов, которые иллюстрируют гендерные различия предпринимательства в мире. Данные официальной статистики демонстрируют актуальность развития женского предпринимательства в экономике стран. В то же время подавляющее большинство исследований проводится среди студентов направлений подготовки в области предпринимательства, показатели же развития предпринимательских компетенций студентов непрофильных специальностей (будущих специалистов по управлению персоналом) с учетом гендерного фактора изучено недостаточно.Цель исследования – ответить на вопрос о наличии гендерного разрыва в развитии предпринимательских компетенций у студентов вузов, обучающихся по направлению подготовки «Управление персоналом» в Российской Федерации и Чешской Республике.Методология и методы исследования. Методологической основой данной работы стал поведенческий подход к изучению компетенций, предполагающий, что успеху в профессиональной деятельности благоприятствует высокий уровень их развития. Основой выбора метода реализации задач и разработки методики оценки компетенций в статье стал литературный анализ релевантных эмпирических исследований. Обзор дает возможность оценить изученность проблематики гендерных различий предпринимательских компетенций студентов вузов на международном уровне. В эмпирической части работы приняли участие N = 582 студента (n1 = 291 человек Чешской Республики (Ческе-Будеёвице), n2 = 291 человек Российской Федерации (Екатеринбург), среди них женщин – 70,1 % n1, 74,2 % n2 и мужчин – 29,9 % n1, 25,8 % n2. Тестирование проводилось с применением авторской методики «Оценка предпринимательских компетенций студентов» по 15 наиболее важным компетенциям в области предпринимательства, которые связаны с проявлением инициативы, управлением ресурсами и людьми, принятием решений и активным действованием. Полученные данные обрабатывались с использованием описательной статистики, однофакторного дисперсионного анализа, t-статистики.Результаты и научная новизна. Показано, что развитие предпринимательских компетенций участников не имеет прямой корреляции с полом респондентов. На оценку обществом потенциала женского предпринимательства оказывает влияние стереотипизация представлений о нем как о традиционно мужском виде деятельности, в то время как развитие данных компетенций в вузе происходит без выделения существенных гендерных различий. Более того, в ряде случаев женщины имеют большие показатели по анализируемому спектру компетенций в сравнении с мужчинами. Мы предполагаем, что решающее значение в реализации бизнес-инициатив имеют иные факторы, нежели пол: среда, в том числе образовательная среда вуза, личностные особенности и мотивация человека.Практическая значимость. Ожидается, что результаты работы, представленные в статье, внесут вклад в дискуссию о предпринимательских компетенциях и дадут полезные данные для применения в обучении с ориентацией на развитие внутреннего предпринимательства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Recently, university teachers have faced the task to develop not only professional knowledge, skills and abilities, but also universal and supra-professional competencies. The comprehensive development of university students influences the formation of a specialist’s personality, ensures his/her adaptability and resistance to the challenges of the external environment, the graduate’s readiness to demonstrate high performance indicators in the chosen field of activity. Among the supra-professional competencies, a separate cluster of entrepreneurial competencies can be distinguished, which ensure the deployment of commercial thinking and are the driver of the development of the state’s economy. Meanwhile, in some publications there are a number of facts, which illustrate the gender differences in entrepreneurship in the world. Official statistics demonstrate the relevance of the development of women’s entrepreneurship in the economies of countries. The prevailing number of studies is carried out among students enrolled in entrepreneurship training programmes. However, the indicators of the development of entrepreneurial competencies of students of non-core specialties (future human resource management specialists), taking into account the gender factor, have not been studied enough.The aim of the present research was to answer the question about the presence of a gender gap in the development of entrepreneurial competencies among university students enrolled in the training direction “Personnel Management” in the Russian Federation and the Czech Republic.Methodology and research methods. The methodological framework of the current research is based on the behavioural approach to the study of competencies, which suggests that success in professional activity is favoured by a high level of development. The literary analysis of relevant empirical studies was conducted to choose a research method and to develop a methodology for competencies assessment. The review makes it possible to assess the level of knowledge of the problem of gender differences in entrepreneurial competencies of university students at the international level. The empirical part of the work was attended by N = 582 students (n1 = 291 people of the Czech Republic (Ceske Budejovice), n2 = 291 people of the Russian Federation (Ekaterinburg), among them women – 70.1% n1, 74.2% n2 and men – 29.9% n1, 25.8% n2. Testing was carried out using the authors’ methodology “Assessment of Entrepreneurial Competencies of Students” for the 15 most important competencies in the field of entrepreneurship, which are associated with the manifestation of initiative, management of resources and people, decision-making and active action.The data obtained were processed using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, t-statistics.Results and scientific novelty. It is shown that the development of participants’ entrepreneurial competencies does not have a direct correlation with the gender of the respondents. When assessing the potential of women’s entrepreneurship, the opinion of society is influenced by the stereotyping of ideas about it as a traditionally masculine type of activity, while the development of these competencies in the university takes place without highlighting significant gender differences. Moreover, in a number of cases, women have higher indicators in the analysed range of competencies in comparison with men. We assume that gender does not have a decisive role in the implementation of business initiatives but there may be other factors: the environment, including the educational environment of the university, personal characteristics and motivation of a person.Practical significance. The research findings are expected to contribute to the debate on entrepreneurial competencies and provide useful data to be employed in learning with a focus on the development of internal entrepreneurship.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>высшее образование</kwd><kwd>внутреннее предпринимательство</kwd><kwd>гендерные различия</kwd><kwd>надпрофессиональные компетенции</kwd><kwd>предпринимательство</kwd><kwd>предпринимательские компетенции</kwd><kwd>предпринимательская активность</kwd><kwd>женское предпринимательство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>higher education</kwd><kwd>internal entrepreneurship</kwd><kwd>gender differences</kwd><kwd>supra-professional competencies</kwd><kwd>entrepreneurship</kwd><kwd>entrepreneurial competencies</kwd><kwd>entrepreneurial activity</kwd><kwd>female entrepreneurship</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (РФФИ) в рамках научного проекта № 19-29-07435.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The reported study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), project number 19-29-07435.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Inyang B. J, Enuoh R. O. Entrepreneurial competencies: The missing links to successful entrepreneurship in Nigeria // International business research. 2009. № 2 (2). P. 62–71. DOI: 10.5539/ibr.v2n2p62</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Inyang B. J., Enuoh R. O. Entrepreneurial competencies: The missing links to successful entrepreneurship in Nigeria. International Business Research. 2009; 2 (2): 62–71. DOI: 10.5539/ibr.v2n2p62</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jacob M., Kühhirt M., Rodrigues M. Labour market returns to graduates’ international experience: exploring cross-country variation in Europe // European Sociological Review. 2019. № 35 (4). P. 491–505. DOI: 10.1093/esr/jcz022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jacob M., Kühhirt M., Rodrigues M. Labour market returns to graduates’ international experience: Exploring cross-country variation in Europe. European Sociological Review. 2019; 35 (4): 491–505. DOI: 10.1093/esr/jcz022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elam A. B., Brush C. G., Greene P. G., Baumer B., Dean M., Heavlow R. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. 2020/2021 Global Report. Published by the Global Entrepreneurship Research Association, London Business School, Regents Park, London NW1 4SA, UK. 2021. 2014 с. Available from: https://www.gemconsortium.org/report/gem-20202021-global-report (дата обращения: 01.07.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elam A. B., Brush C. G., Greene P. G., Baumer B., Dean M., Heavlow R. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. 2020/2021 Global Report [Internet]. London, UK: Global Entrepreneurship Research Association, London Business School; 2021 [cited 2021 July 01]. 2014 p. Available from: https://www.gemconsortium.org/report/gem-20202021-global-report</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kelsey S. Mastercard Index of Women Entrepreneurs (MIWE). 2020. Available from: https://mastercardcontentexchange.com/media/1ulpy5at/ma_miwe-report-2020.pdf (дата обращения: 16.12.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mastercard Index of Women Entrepreneurs (MIWE) [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Dec 16]. Available from: https://mastercardcontentexchange.com/media/1ulpy5at/ma_miwe-report-2020.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barba-Sánchez V., Atienza-Sahuquillo C. Entrepreneurial intention among engineering students: The role of entrepreneurship education // European research on management and business economics. 2018. № 24 (1). P. 53–61. DOI: 10.1016/J.IEDEEN.2017.04.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barba-Sánchez V., Atienza-Sahuquillo C. Entrepreneurial intention among engineering students: The role of entrepreneurship education. European Research on Management and Business Economics. 2018; 24 (1): 53–61. DOI: 10.1016/J.IEDEEN.2017.04.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fayolle A., Gailly B. The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial attitudes and intention: Hysteresis and persistence // Journal of small business management. 2015. № 53 (1). P. 75–93. DOI: 10.1111/jsbm.12065</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fayolle A., Gailly B. The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial attitudes and intention: Hysteresis and persistence. Journal of Small Business Management. 2015; 53 (1): 75–93. DOI: 10.1111/jsbm.12065</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Newman A., Obschonka M., Schwarz S., Cohen M., Nielsen I. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: A systematic review of the literature on its theoretical foundations, measurement, antecedents, and outcomes, and an agenda for future research // Journal of Vocational Behavior. 2018. № 110. P. 403–419. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2018.05.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Newman A., Obschonka M., Schwarz S., Cohen M., Nielsen I. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: A systematic review of the literature on its theoretical foundations, measurement, antecedents, and outcomes, and an agenda for future research. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 2019; 110: 403–419. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2018.05.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пеша А. В., Шавровская М. Н., Бородина О. Н. HR-менеджер как субъект и драйвер развития внутреннего предпринимательства [Электрон. ресурс] // Human Progress. 2021. № 7 (1). Режим доступа: http://progress-human.com/images/2021/Tom7_1/Pesha.pdf (дата обращения: 25.12.2020) DOI: 10.34709/IM.171.12</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pesha A. V., Shavrovskaya M. N., Borodina O. N. HR-manager as a subject and driver of the development of internal entrepreneurship. Human Progress = Human Progress [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Jan 25]; 7 (1). DOI: 10.34709/IM.171.12 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mansfield R. S., McClelland D. C., Spencer L. M., Santiago J. The Identification and Assessment of Competencies and Other Personal Characteristics of Entrepreneurs in Developing Countries: Final Report Project No. DAN-5314-C-00-3074-00. Washington, DC: United States Agency for International Development; Boston, 1987. 402 p. Available from: https://pdfroom.com/books/the-identification-and-assessment-of-competencies-and-other-personal/JzydD40wd14 (date of access: 15.01.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mansfield R. S., McClelland D. C., Spencer L. M., Santiago J. The Identification and Assessment of Competencies and Other Personal Characteristics of Entrepreneurs in Developing Countries: Final Report Project No. DAN-5314-C-00-3074-00 [Internet]. Boston Washington, DC: United States Agency for International Development; 1987 [cited 2021 Jan 15]. 402 p. Available from: https://pdfroom.com/books/the-identification-and-assessment-of-competencies-and-other-personal/JzydD40wd14</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bird B. Toward a theory of entrepreneurial competency [Электрон. ресурс] // In: J. A. Katz, R. H. Brockhaus (Eds.). Advances in entrepreneurship, firm emergence, and growth. 1995. №. 2. P. 51–72. Greenwich, Connecticut: Jai Press Inc. Available from: https://www.academia.edu/1282975/Toward_a_theory_of_entrepreneurial_competency (дата обращения: 15.07.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bird B. Toward a theory of entrepreneurial competency. In: J. A. Katz, R. H. Brockhaus (eds.). Advances in entrepreneurship, firm emergence, and growth [Internet]. Greenwich, Connecticut: Jai Press Inc; 1995 [cited 2021 July 15]. Vol. 2. p. 51–72. Available from: https://www.academia.edu/1282975/Toward_a_theory_of_entrepreneurial_competency</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu W. W. A competency-based model for the success of an entrepreneurial start-up // WSEAS transactions on business and economics. 2009. № 6 (6). P. 279–291. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229045640_A_competency-based_model_for_the_success_of_an_entrepreneurial_start-up (дата обращения: 15.07.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu W. W. A competency-based model for the success of an entrepreneurial startup. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2021 June 15]; 6 (6): 279–291. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229045640_A_competency-based_model_for_the_success_of_an_entrepreneurial_start-up</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ploum L., Blok V., Lans T., Omta O. Toward a validated competence framework for sustainable entrepreneurship // Organization &amp; environment. 2018. № 31 (2). P. 113–132. DOI: 10.1177/1086026617697039</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ploum L., Blok V., Lans T, Omta O. Toward a validated competence framework for sustainable entrepreneurship. Organization &amp; Environment. 2018; 31 (2): 113–132. DOI: 10.1177/1086026617697039</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaur H., Bains A. Understanding the concept of entrepreneur competency // Journal of Business Management &amp; Social Science. 2013. № 2 (11). P. 31–33. Available from: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.403.3169&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf (дата обращения: 15.07.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaur H., Bains A. Understanding the concept of entrepreneur competency Journal of Business Management &amp; Social Science [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2021 Jul 15]; 2 (11): 31–33. Available from: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.403.3169&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmad N. H. A cross cultural study of entrepreneurial competencies and entrepreneurial success in SMEs in Australia and Malaysia (Doctoral dissertation). The University of Adelaide. 2007, 285 p. Available from: https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/48199/10/Ahmad2007_PhD.pdf (дата обращения: 15.07.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmad N. H. A cross cultural study of entrepreneurial competencies and entrepreneurial success in SMEs in Australia and Malaysia [dissertation on the Internet]. The University of Adelaide; 2007 [cited 2021 Jun 15]. 285 p. Available from: https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/48199/10/Ahmad2007_PhD.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bacigalupo M., Kampylis P., Punie Y., Van den Brande G. EntreComp: The entrepreneurship competence framework. Luxembourg: Publication Office of the European Union, 2016. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/publication/eur-scientific-and-technical-research-reports/entrecomp-entrepreneurship-competence-framework (дата обращения: 15.07.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bacigalupo M., Kampylis P., Punie Y., Van den Brande G. EntreComp: The entrepreneurship competence framework [Internet]. Luxembourg: Publication Office of the European Union; 2016 [cited 2021 Jun 15]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/publication/eur-scientific-and-technical-research-reports/entrecomp-entrepreneurship-competence-framework</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ronstadt R. The educated entrepreneurs: A new era of entrepreneurial education is beginning // American journal of small business. 1985. № 10 (1). P. 7–23. DOI: 10.1177%2F104225878501000102</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ronstadt R. The educated entrepreneurs: A new era of entrepreneurial education is beginning. American Journal of Small Business. 1985; 10 (1): 7–23. DOI: 10.1177%2F104225878501000102</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bischoff K., Volkmann C. K., Audretsch D. B. Stakeholder collaboration in entrepreneurship education: an analysis of the entrepreneurial ecosystems of European higher educational institutions // The Journal of Technology Transfer. 2018. № 43 (1). P. 20–46. DOI: 10.1007/s10961-017-9581-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bischoff K., Volkmann C. K., Audretsch D. B. Stakeholder collaboration in entrepreneurship education: An analysis of the entrepreneurial ecosystems of European higher educational institutions. The Journal of Technology Transfer. 2018; 43 (1): 20–46. DOI: 10.1007/s10961-017-9581-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чепуренко А. Ю. Как и зачем обучать студентов предпринимательству: поле- мические заметки // Вопросы образования. 2017. № 3. С. 248–276. DOI: 10.17323/1814-9545-2017-3-250-276</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chepurenko A. Yu. How and why to teach students entrepreneurship: Polemical notes. Voprosy obrazovaniya = Educational Studies Moscow. 2017; 3: 248–276. DOI: 10.17323/1814-9545-2017-3-250-276 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang S. M., Yueh H. P., Wen P. C. How the new type of entrepreneurship education complements the traditional one in developing entrepreneurial competencies and intention // Frontiers in psychology. 2019. № 10. Article number 2048. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02048</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang S. M., Yueh H. P., Wen P. C. How the new type of entrepreneurship education complements the traditional one in developing entrepreneurial competencies and intention. Frontiers in Psychology. 2019; 10: 2048. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02048</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amarakoon U., Weerawardena J., Verreynne M. L., Teicher J. Entrepreneurial behaviour: a new perspective on the role of the HR professional // Personnel Review. № 48 (7). P. 1809–1829. DOI: 10.1108/PR-03-2018-0087</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amarakoon U., Weerawardena J., Verreynne M. L., Teicher J. Entrepreneurial behaviour: A new perspective on the role of the HR professional. Personnel Review. 2019; 48 (7): 1809-1829. DOI: 10.1108/PR-03-2018-0087</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vanevenhoven J., Liguori E. The impact of entrepreneurship education: Introducing the entrepreneurship education project // Journal of small business management. 2013. № 51 (3). P. 315–328. DOI: 10.1111/jsbm.12026</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vanevenhoven J., Liguori E. The impact of entrepreneurship education: Introducing the entrepreneurship education project. Journal of Small Business Management. 2013; 51 (3): 315–328. DOI: 10.1111/jsbm.12026</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баскакова М. Е. Гендерная асимметрия малого бизнеса (на примере Москвы) // Мир новой экономики. 2019. №. 3. С. 100–111. DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2019-13-3-100-111</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baskakova M. E. Gender asymmetry of small business (on the example of Moscow). Mir novoj ekonomiki = The World of the New Economy. 2019; 3: 100–111. DOI: 10.26794/2220-6469-2019-13-3-100-111 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hernández-Lara A. B., Serradell-López E. Student interactions in online discussion forums: their perception on learning with business simulation games // Behaviour &amp; Information Technology. 2018. № 37 (4). P. 419–429. DOI: 10.1080/0144929X.2018.1441326</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hernández-Lara A. B., Serradell-López E. Student interactions in online discussion forums: their perception on learning with business simulation games. Behaviour &amp; Information Technology. 2018; 37 (4): 419–429. DOI: 10.1080/0144929X.2018.1441326</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Puri S. Effective learning through the case method // Innovations in Education and Teaching International. 2020. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14703297.2020.1811133 (date of access: 02.01.2021). DOI: 10.1080/14703297.2020.1811133</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Puri S. Effective learning through the case method. Innovations in Education and Teaching International [Internet]. 2020: [cited 2021 Jan 02]. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14703297.2020.1811133 DOI: 10.1080/14703297.2020.1811133</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adachi T., Hisada T. Gender differences in entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship: an empirical analysis // Small Business Economics. 2017. № 48 (3). P. 447–486. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11187-016-9793-y (date of access: 24.12.2020) DOI: 10.1007/s11187-016-9793-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adachi T., Hisada T. Gender differences in entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship: an empirical analysis. Small Business Economics [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2020 Dec 24]; 48 (3): 447–486. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11187-016-9793-y DOI: 10.1007/s11187-016-9793-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Navarro M. J., Jiménez A. M. Moderators elements of entrepreneurship // Gender differences. Suma de Negocios. 2016. № 7 (15). P. 47–53. DOI: 10.1016/j.sumneg.2016.02.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Navarro M. J., Jiménez A. M. Moderators elements of entrepreneurship. Gender Differences. Suma de Negocios. 2016; 7 (15): 47–53. DOI: 10.1016/j.sumneg.2016.02.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferreras-Garcia R., Sales-Zaguirre J., Serradell-López E. Developing entrepreneurial competencies in higher education: a structural model approach // Education+ Training. 2021. № 63 (5). P. 720–743. DOI: 10.1108/ET-09-2020-0257</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferreras-Garcia R., Sales-Zaguirre J., Serradell-López E. Developing entrepreneurial competencies in higher education: A structural model approach. Education + Training. 2021; 63 (5): 720–743. DOI: 10.1108/ET-09-2020-0257</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Таланов С. Л. Предпринимательство в жизненных планах студентов вузов: ген- дерные различия // Женщина в российском обществе. 2019. № 1. С. 52–63. DOI: 10.21064/WinRS.2019.1.5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Talanov S. L., Hajibabaeva A. A. Entrepreneurship in the life plans of university students: gender differences. Zhenshchina v rossijskom obshchestve = Woman in Russian Society. 2019; 1: 52–63. DOI: 10.21064/WinRS.2019.1.5 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McGowan P., Cooper S., Hampton A. Developing quality in networks: The experience of male and female entrepreneurs in new technology-based ventures / R. Oakey, A. Groen, G. Cook, P. Van Der Sijde (Eds.) New Technology-Based Firms in the New Millennium. Vol. 10. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley, 2013. P. 71–94. DOI: 10.1108/S1876-0228(2013)0000010007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McGowan P., Cooper S., Hampton A. Developing quality in networks: The experience of male and female entrepreneurs in new technology-based ventures. In: R. Oakey, A. Groen, G. Cook, P. Van Der Sijde (eds.). New Technology-Based Firms in the New Millennium. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley; 2013; 10: 71–94. DOI: 10.1108/S1876-0228(2013)0000010007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Camelo-Ordaz C., Diánez-González J. P., Ruiz-Navarro J. The influence of gender on entrepreneurial intention: The mediating role of perceptual factors// BRQ Business Research Quarterly. 2016. № 19 (4). P. 261–277. DOI: 10.1016/j.brq.2016.03.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Camelo-Ordaz C., Diánez-González J. P., Ruiz-Navarro J. The influence of gender on entrepreneurial intention: The mediating role of perceptual factors. BRQ Business Research Quarterly. 2016; 19 (4): 261–277. DOI: 10.1016/j.brq.2016.03.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thébaud S. Business as plan B: Institutional foundations of gender inequality in entrepreneurship across 24 industrialized countries. Administrative science quarterly. 2015 № 60 (4). P. 671–711. DOI: 10.1177/0001839215591627</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thébaud S. Business as plan B: Institutional foundations of gender inequality in entrepreneurship across 24 industrialized countries. Administrative Science Quarterly. 2015; 60 (4): 671–711. DOI: 10.1177/0001839215591627</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пеша А. В. Влияние нестандартных форм занятости на физическое и психосоциальное здоровье женщин. Обзор исследований // Вестник Омского университета. Серия «Экономика». 2018. №. 4. С. 111–125. DOI: 10.25513/1812-3988.2018.4.111-125</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pesha A. V. The impact of non-standard forms of employment on the physical and psychosocial health of women. Research review. Vestnik Omskogo universiteta. Seriya “Ekonomika” = Bulletin of Omsk University. Series “Economy”. 2018; 4: 111–125. DOI: 10.25513/1812-3988.2018.4.111-125 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McClelland D. C. Testing for competence rather than for intelligence // American psychologist. 1973. № 28 (1). P. 1–14. DOI: 10.1037/H0034092</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McClelland D. C. Testing for competence rather than for” intelligence. American Psychologist. 1973; 28 (1): 1–14. DOI: 10.1037/H0034092</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dilli S., Westerhuis G. How institutions and gender differences in education shape entrepreneurial activity: a cross-national perspective // Small Business Economics. 2018. № 51 (2). P. 371–392. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11187-018-0004-x (date of access: 24.12.2021) DOI: 10.1007/s11187-018-0004-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dilli S., Westerhuis G. How institutions and gender differences in education shape entrepreneurial activity: A cross-national perspective. Small Business Economics [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2020 Dec 24]; 51 (2): 371–392. DOI: 10.1007/s11187-018-0004-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
