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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">edscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Образование и наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Education and science journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5639</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-5828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RSVPU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17853/1994-5639-2023-5-135-154</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">edscience-3147</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В ОБРАЗОВАНИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN EDUCATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метакогниция и процесс обучения: использование протокола «думай вслух» для понимания процессов рефлексии учеников и их учителя в ситуации решения проблемы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Metacognition &amp; learning process: Using think-aloud protocol (TAP) to understand students and their teacher’s reflection processes during a problem-solving situation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6274-2796</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буири</surname><given-names>У.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bouiri</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Буири Уссама – аспирант факультета наук Бен М’сик, Лаборатория аналитической химии и физико-химических материалов</p><p>Кассабланка</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oussama Bouiri – PhD Student, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sik, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Physico-Chemistry of Materials</p><p>Casablanca</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ousbouiri10@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0008-6145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лотфи</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lotfi</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лотфи Саид – доктор наук (обучение образовательному инжинирингу и методологии исследований), директор исследовательской лаборатории Высшей нормальной школы</p><p>Касабланка</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Said Lotfi – Dr. Sci. (Training in Educational Engineering and Research Methodology), Director of a Research Laboratory</p><p>Casablanca</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lotisaid@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9262-2223</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Талби</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Talbi</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Талби Мохаммед – доктор наук (государственные науки, оценка процессов анализа и образовательных систем)</p><p>Касабланка</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mohammed Talbi – Dr. Sci. (State in Sciences, Evaluating Analysis Processes and Educational Systems)</p><p>Casablanca</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">talbi.uh2c@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Хасана II</institution><country>Марокко</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Hassan II University</institution><country>Morocco</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Высшая нормальная школа, Университет Хасана II</institution><country>Марокко</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Normal Superior School, Hassan II University</institution><country>Morocco</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>135</fpage><lpage>154</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Буири У., Лотфи С., Талби М., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Буири У., Лотфи С., Талби М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bouiri O., Lotfi S., Talbi M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/3147">https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/3147</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В настоящее время процесс преподавания становится все более сложным. Многочисленные области науки в настоящее время помогают понять эту сложность, позволяя преподавателям поддерживать учащихся на протяжении всего их учебного пути.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Основной целью данного исследования является определение когнитивного и метакогнитивного процессов мышления студентов и их преподавателей во время решения проблем.</p><p>Методология, методы и методики. Авторы использовали протокол «думай вслух», в котором студентов (12 участников одного уровня) просили вербализовать свои мысли во время учебной деятельности  (математическое  упражнение  и  письменная  работа).  То  же  самое  касается  и  их учителей (9 участников с разным стажем работы), которые должны были выразить словами свою профессиональную  практику  во  время  педагогического  вмешательства.  Следует  отметить,  что данный подход является исключительно качественным, следуя подходу Эриксона и Саймона – от этапа сбора данных до системы кодирования и обработки этих данных.</p><p>Результаты и научная новизна. Результаты показали, что половина студентов хорошо решила то, что было задано в ситуации решения проблемы, в отличие от других участников, которые обнаружили особые трудности в каждом типе предложенной ситуации (в математике и в письменной работе). Что касается учителей, то их вербализация направлена на три аспекта с определенной степенью доминирования для каждого учителя. Авторы считают, что их исследование является первым шагом к новому подходу к оценке акта обучения, который включает как учителя, так и учащихся одновременно.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая  значимость</title><p>Практическая  значимость.  Полученные  результаты  могут  быть  использованы  педагогами для лучшего понимания того, как их ученики думают, с одной стороны, и развития их профессиональной практики, с другой.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Today, the act of teaching has become increasingly intricate. Multiple fields of science now aid in comprehending this complexity, enabling instructors to support learners through-out their educational journey.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. The main aim of this study is to determine cognitive and metacognitive thinking process of students and their teachers during a problem-solving situation.</p><p>Research methodology and methods. The authors used think-aloud protocol (TAP) in which students (12 participants at the same level) were asked to verbalise their thoughts during a learning activity (math exercise and written production). Similarly, during a pedagogical intervention, nine participants with varying levels of professional experience were required to articulate their professional practices as educators. It should be noted that our approach is purely qualitative following Ericsson and Simon’s approach, from data collection step to coding system and processing of these data.</p><p>Results and scientific novelty. The results showed that half of the students solved well what was asked in the problem-solving situation, contrary to the other participants who found particular difficulties in each type of situation proposed (in math and in written production). For the teachers, their verbalisations tend towards three aspects with a degree of dominance for each teacher. The authors consider hat their research is a first step towards a new approach of evaluation of the teaching-learning act that includes both the teacher and the learners simultaneously.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance. The results obtained can be used by pedagogical practitioners to better understand how their learners think on the one hand and develop their professional practices on the other.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>учебный процесс</kwd><kwd>протокол «думай вслух»</kwd><kwd>ситуация решения проблем</kwd><kwd>студент</kwd><kwd>преподаватель</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>learning process</kwd><kwd>think-aloud protocol (TAP)</kwd><kwd>problem-solving situation</kwd><kwd>student</kwd><kwd>teacher</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bugg E. G., Dewey J. 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