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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">edscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Образование и наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Education and science journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5639</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-5828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RSVPU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17853/1994-5639-2023-6-12-37</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">edscience-3194</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМЫ МЕТОДОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METHODOLOGY PROBLEMS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Типология «смещенной критики» в научных педагогических диалогах как методологический феномен</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Typology of “Displased criticism” in scientific pedagogical dialogues as a methodological phenomenon</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7454-038X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коржуев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korzhuev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Вячеславович Коржуев, доктор педагогических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры</p><p>кафедра медицинской и биологической физики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Korzhuev, Dr. Sci. (Education), Professor</p><p>Department of Medical and Biological Physics</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akorjuev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6393-3885</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталия Владимировна Головина, кандидат фармацевтических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры</p><p>институт фармации</p><p>кафедра химии </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Golovina, Cand. Sci. (Pharmacy), Associate Professor</p><p>Institute of Pharmacy</p><p>Department of Chemistry</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">golowina.nataliya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0030-4867</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Контаров</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kontarov</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николай Александрович Контаров, кандидат биологических наук, доцент кафедры</p><p>лечебный факультет</p><p>кафедра медицинской и биологической физики </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolai A. Kontarov, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor</p><p>Department of Medical and Biological Physics</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kontarov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2141-6289</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Икренникова</surname><given-names>Ю. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ikrennikova</surname><given-names>Yu. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Борисовна Икренникова, кандидат педагогических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры</p><p>кафедра общеобразовательных дисциплин</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya B. Ikrennikova, Cand. Sci. (Education), Associate Professor</p><p>Department of General Educational Disciplines</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ikren@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская государственная академия интеллектуальной собственности</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State Academy of Intellectual Property</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коржуев А.В., Головина Н.В., Контаров Н.А., Икренникова Ю.Б., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коржуев А.В., Головина Н.В., Контаров Н.А., Икренникова Ю.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korzhuev A.V., Golovina N.V., Kontarov N.A., Ikrennikova Y.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/3194">https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/3194</self-uri><abstract><p>   Введение. Современный диалог в науках об образовании играет исключительно важную роль как инструмент принятия научно обоснованных решений, как средство оценки продуктивности предлагаемых различными авторами инноваций. Однако практика современных научных дискуссий в педагогике фиксирует массу проблем. Организация корректных с точки зрения логики и содержания диалогов, участники которых внимательно слушают своих партнеров и адекватно авторским замыслам воспринимают и анализируют предлагаемые решения, представляет достаточно серьезную проблему. Тем не менее анализ литературы по теме исследования, анализ «живых» диалогов в поле образования показывает, что авторами и участниками часто нарушаются правила логически и содержательно корректного дискурса. Предъявляемая во множестве диалогов авторская критика в адрес предшественников страдает множеством недостатков, которые можно кратко тезировать как «смещенную критику» – это означает перенос фокуса критики с реальных ошибок и несообразностей на незначительные огрехи и небрежность. Поэтому мы сочли необходимым осуществить методологическое «вмешательство» в проблему корректного диалога в педагогике.</p><p>   Данные обстоятельства, подкрепленные выводами европейских исследователей образования, обусловливают актуальность выбранной темы.</p><p>   Целями данной статьи являются: а) конструирование и обоснование типологии фрагментов «смещенной критики», их тезисное отображение; б) отображение «смещенной критики» как методологического негатива и стимула исследовательской рефлексивной активности педагогического научного сообщества.</p><p>   Методология, методы и методики. Методами исследования стали анализ записей научных диалогов и научных текстов на предмет содержательной и логической корректности обоснований педагогических выводов и их критики; конструирование и обоснование типологии компонентов исследуемого поля; рефлексия результата и выявление перспективных векторов разработки обозначенной темы.</p><p>   Результатами проведенного исследования является типология фрагментов «смещенной критики», включающая: а) некритичное вычленение фрагментов рецензируемого текста (или устного диалога) – вне связи с тем, как их предъявлял сам критикуемый автор; б) приписывание автору некорректных умозаключений, которых он не выдвигал; в) критику иллюзорных следствий из утверждений автора текста или участника диалога; г) критику, явно просвечивающую содержательную неосведомленность предъявляющего ее участника диалога; д) критику, в которой искусственно обособляются неразрывно связанные элементы и предлагающую искаженную форму связи между ними; е) критику, намеренно акцентирующую внимание читателя на несущественных ошибках в тексте или фрагменте диалога и упускающую ошибки значимые. Кроме обоснованной типологии «смещенная критика» представлена в формате методологического негатива (1), а процесс ее выявления как стимул скрупулезной исследовательской деятельности – в педагогике (2).   Научная новизна заключается в выдвижении и обосновании типологии методологически некорректных фрагментов «смещенной критики» в педагогических устных и текстовых диалогах, а также в позиционировании исследуемого феномена как методологического негатива и стимула для исследовательской рефлексивной деятельности в научной педагогике.</p><p>   Практическая значимость результатов заключается в нахождении таких форм отображения критики в адрес участников диалогов, в адрес текстов предшественников, которых необходимо всячески избегать, участвуя в научных дискуссиях, критикуя результаты, полученные авторами статей и книг.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Introduction</title><p>   Introduction.  Modern dialogue in the sciences of education plays an extremely important role as a tool for making scientifically based decisions, as a means of evaluating the productivity of innovations proposed by various authors. However, the practice of modern scientific discussions in pedagogy fixes a lot of problems. The organisation of dialogues, which are correct from the point of view of logic and content, and participants carefully listen to their partners and adequately perceive and analyse the proposed solutions to the author’s intentions, is a rather serious problem. Nevertheless, the analysis of the literature on the research topic, the analysis of “live” dialogues in the field of education shows that the authors and participants often violate the rules of logically and meaningfully correct discourse. The author’s criticism of predecessors presented in many dialogues suffers from many shortcomings, which can be briefly summarised as “displaced criticism” – this means shifting the focus of criticism from real errors and inconsistencies to minor flaws and carelessness. Therefore, the authors of the present research considered it necessary to carry out methodological “intervention” in the problem of correct dialogue in pedagogy.</p><p>   These circumstances, supported by the findings of European education researchers, determine the relevance of the chosen topic.</p></sec><sec><title>   Aim</title><p>   Aim. The current research aims to: a) construct and substantiate the typology of fragments of “biased criticism”, their thesis display; b) display “displaced criticism” as a methodological negative and a stimulus for the research reflective activity of the pedagogical scientific community.</p><p>   Methodology and research methods. The research methods involved the analysis of records of scientific dialogues and scientific texts for the content and logical correctness of the justifications for pedagogical conclusions and their criticism; construction and substantiation of the typology of the components of the field under study; reflection of the result and identification of promising vectors for the development of the designated topic.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. The results of the study are a typology of fragments of “displaced criticism”, including: a) uncritical isolation of fragments of the reviewed text (or oral dialogue) – regardless of how they were presented by the criticised author himself/herself; b) attribution to the author of incorrect conclusions that he/she did not put forward; c) criticism of illusory consequences from the statements of the author of the text or the participant in the dialogue; d) criticism that clearly demonstrates the substantive ignorance of the participant in the dialogue; e) criticism with inextricably linked elements, which are artificially isolated and there is a distorted form of connection between the elements; f) criticism that deliberately focuses the reader’s attention on minor errors in the text or fragment of the dialogue and misses significant errors. In addition to the justified typology, “displaced criticism” is presented in the format of a methodological negative (1), and the process of its identification as an incentive for scrupulous research activities in pedagogy (2).</p></sec><sec><title>   Scientific novelty</title><p>   Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty consists in proposing and substantiating the typology of methodologically incorrect fragments of “displaced criticism” in pedagogical oral and textual dialogues, as well as in positioning the phenomenon under study as a methodological negative and an incentive for research reflective activity in scientific pedagogy.</p><p>   Practical significance. The practical significance of the results lies in finding such forms of displaying criticism towards the participants in the dialogues, towards the texts of predecessors, which must be avoided in every possible way, participating in scientific discussions, criticising the results obtained by the authors of articles and books.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>научный диалог</kwd><kwd>«смещенная критика»</kwd><kwd>содержательная и логическая корректность умозаключений</kwd><kwd>научное опровержение</kwd><kwd>рефлексия полученного результата</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>scientific dialogue</kwd><kwd>“displaced criticism”</kwd><kwd>meaningful and logical correctness of conclusions</kwd><kwd>scientific refutation</kwd><kwd>reflection of the result obtained</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koskinen H. 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