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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">edscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Образование и наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Education and science journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5639</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-5828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RSVPU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17853/1994-5639-2024-2-35-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">edscience-3545</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>VOCATIONAL EDUCATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вычислительное мышление в контексте высшего образования: аналитический обзор</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Computational thinking in the context of higher education: Analytical review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6397-4465</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хеннер</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khenner</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хеннер Евгений Карлович – доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, член-корреспондент Российской академии образования, профессор кафедры информационных технологий</p><p>Пермь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy K. Khenner – Dr. Sci. (Physics and Mathematics), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Education, Professor, Department of Information Technologies</p><p>Perm</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ehenner@psu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Perm State National Research University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хеннер Е.К., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хеннер Е.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khenner E.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/3545">https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/3545</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Вычислительное мышление – одна из тех категорий, которыми в настоящее время оценивается качество подготовленности людей к жизни, учебной и професси­ональной деятельности в современном мире, насыщенном информационными технологиями и цифровыми инструментами. Многие вопросы, связанные с тематикой вычислительного мышления применительно к студентам вузов, остаются пока недостаточно изученными, существенно слабее, чем применительно к общему образованию.</p><p>Целью статьи является как обсуждение сущности понятия «вычислительное мышление», так и главным образом состава его структурных элементов, способов их формирования и оценивания на уровне высшего образования. Дополнительная цель – сопоставить требования к имеющим сходства и различия вычислительному мышлению и цифровым компетенциям студентов вузов.</p><p>Методология, методы и методики. Исследование носит обзорный характер и имеет теоретический и прикладной аспекты. За исключением нескольких принципиально важных работ общего характера, в которых раскрывается само понятие «вычислительное мышление», проанализированы в основном обзорные публикации не старше пяти лет с целью выявить и систематизировать современные решения, относящиеся к цели работы.</p><p>Результаты и научная новизна. Анализ базовых понятий, связанных с вычислительным мышлением, показал, что на уровне определений, в силу их определенной абстрактности, вычислительное мышление студентов вузов не обладает особой спецификой перед вычислительным мышлением школьников. Такая специфика проявляется на уровне перечня когнитивных и некогнитивных навыков, ассоциируемых с вычислительным мышлением, требований к уровню их сформированности и способов оценивания. В вычислительном мышлении когнитивные навыки – это абстрагирование, декомпозиция, распознавание закономерностей, алгоритмизация, визуализация, логическое мышление, способность к коммуницированию, представлению, структури­рованию и анализу данных и некоторые другие. Среди некогнитивных навыков выделяют веру в себя, коммуникабельность, гибкость и другие.</p><p>Среди методов оценивания сформированности вычислительного мышления студентов фи­гурируют результаты решения задач в средах блочного программирования, таких как Scrath; тесты на знания/навыки, самооценочные шкалы/опросы; тесты на знание основ вычислительного мышления, интервью и наблюдения; собеседования, оценки за задания/курсы, опросы/анкеты, решение проблем, внешних по отношению к классу; использование специального программного окружения, использование критериев оценки вычислительного мышления и/или психометрических инструментов; оценки, основанные на решении роботизированных задач или оценивания артефактов, созданных в процессе игры, и другие.</p><p>Сопоставление вычислительного мышления с цифровыми компетенциями на уровне навыков приводит к выводу, что в вычислительном мышлении навыки представляют собой некоторый фиксированный набор метанавыков, необходимых студенту безотносительно к решению конкретных задач (например, навык абстрагирования), а в цифровых компетенциях они специфицируются по многочисленным видам и носят более конкретный характер.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость. Результаты работы могут быть использованы при проектирова­нии программ формирования вычислительного мышления и цифровых компетенций студентов вузов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Computational thinking is one of the categories that currently assess the quality of people’s preparedness for life, educational and professional activities in the modern world, saturated with information technologies and digital tools. Many issues related to university students’ computational thinking remain insufficiently studied as applied to general education.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. The present research aims to discuss the essence of the concept of “computational thinking” and, mainly, the composition of its structural elements, methods of their formation and assessment at the level of higher education; and to compare the requirements for university students’ computational thinking and digital competencies, which have similarities and differences.</p><p>Methodology and research methods. The present review article has theoretical and applied aspects. Except for several fundamentally important works of general studies, which reveal the concept of “com­putational thinking”, the author analysed mainly review articles published in the past five years in order to identify and systematise modern solutions related to the purpose of the work.</p><p>Results and scientific novelty. An analysis of the basic concepts associated with computational think­ing showed that at the level of definitions, due to their certain abstractness, the computational think­ing of university students does not have much specificity compared to the computational thinking of schoolchildren. This specificity is manifested at the level of the list of cognitive and non-cognitive skills associated with computational thinking, requirements for the level of their development and assess­ment methods. In computational thinking, cognitive skills include abstraction, decomposition, pattern recognition, algorithmisation, visualisation, logical thinking, communicative competence, the ability to present, structure and analyse data, and some others skills. Non-cognitive skills include self-confidence, communication skills, flexibility, and others.</p><p>Methods for assessing the maturity of students’ computational thinking include the results of solv­ing problems in block programming environments such as Scrath; knowledge/skill tests, self-assessment scales/surveys; tests on knowledge of the basics of computational thinking, interviews and observations; interviews, grades for assignments/courses, surveys/questionnaires, solving problems external to the class; the use of a special software environment, the use of criteria for assessing computational thinking and/or psychometric tools; assessments based on solving robotic problems or evaluating artifacts creat­ed during the game, and others.</p><p>A comparison of computational thinking with digital competencies at the skill level leads to the conclusion that in computational thinking, skills represent a certain fixed set of meta-skills needed by a student regardless of solving specific problems (for example, abstraction skills). In digital competencies, skills are specified according to numerous types and are more specific.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance. The results of this study can be used in the design of programmes for develop­ing computational thinking and digital competencies of university students.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вычислительное мышление</kwd><kwd>студенты вузов</kwd><kwd>методы оценивания</kwd><kwd>цифровые компетенции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>computational thinking</kwd><kwd>university students</kwd><kwd>assessment methods</kwd><kwd>digital competencies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wing J. M. Computational thinking // Communications of the ACM. 2006. Vol. 49, Issue 3. P. 33– 35. DOI: 10.1145/1118178.1118215</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wing J. 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