<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">edscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Образование и наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Education and science journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5639</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-5828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RSVPU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17853/1994-5639-2024-3082</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">edscience-3608</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>VOCATIONAL EDUCATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Использование электронного скаффолдинга для развития научного мышления студентов через обучение на основе запросов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Using e-scaffolding to develop students’ scientific reasoning through inquiry-based learning</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5603-7473</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коэс Хандаянто</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koes Handayanto</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коэс Хандаянто Суприоно – старший преподаватель кафедры физики факультета математики и естественных наук,</p><p>Маланг.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Supriyono Koes Handayanto – Senior Lecturer, Associate Professor, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, </p><p>Malang.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">supriyono.koeshandayanto.fmipa@um.ac.id</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8680-5891</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фаваиз</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fawaiz</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фаваиз Сахал – аспирант кафедры физики факультета математики и естественных наук,</p><p>Маланг.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sahal Fawaiz – Graduate Student, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,</p><p>Malang.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sahalfawaiz@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0155-6495</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тауфик</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Taufiq</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тауфик Ахмад – профессор, заведующий кафедрой физики факультета математики и естественных наук,</p><p>Маланг.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ahmad Taufiq – Professor, Head of the Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,</p><p>Malang.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ahmad.taufiq.fmipa@um.ac.id</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственный университет Маланга</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Universitas Negeri Malang</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>90</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коэс Хандаянто С., Фаваиз С., Тауфик А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коэс Хандаянто С., Фаваиз С., Тауфик А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Koes Handayanto S., Fawaiz S., Taufiq A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/3608">https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/3608</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Благодаря обучению на основе запросов (IBL) скаффолдинг используется, чтобы помочь студентам развивать их научное мышление. Тем не менее результаты, полученные студентами, варьируются в зависимости от их предыдущих знаний, потому что стратегии скаффолдинга различаются исходя из запроса. Поэтому всем учащимся должны быть предоставлены различные уровни скаффолдинга на основе их предыдущих знаний, чтобы облегчить усвоение новой информации в классе.</p><p>Цель исследования – изучить научное мышление студентов на основе курса, который включает два уровня электронного скаффолдинга в обучении на основе запросов.</p><p>Методология и методы исследования. Авторы провели поисковое исследование, используя смешанные методы, а также полуструктурированные интервью и упражнения «размышляй вслух» в двух классах (экспериментальном и контрольном) среди 64 учеников 11 класса, изучающих физику в государственной средней школе в Индонезии, в течение восьми недель. Авторы собрали количественные данные, определив предварительные знания учеников и их научное мышление, и получили качественные данные из интервью и упражнений «размышляй вслух», фотографий, видео активности и заметок учителей. Провели анализ ANOVA количественных данных и тематический анализ качественных данных.</p><p>Результаты и научная новизна. Это исследование является первой попыткой предоставления скаффолдинга с многоуровневыми вариантами, и функции, которая ранее ограничивалась единственным уровнем. Было обнаружено, что существуют значительные различия в саморегуляции студентов в зависимости от предварительных знаний студентов по предмету. Электронный скаффолдинг развивается сильнее в саморегуляции для студентов с низким уровнем предварительных знаний. Обнаружено, что привычка вести заметки и менять роли во время экспериментов помогла улучшить саморегуляцию студентов. Было отмечено, что студенты с низким уровнем предварительных знаний нуждались во вспомогательных элементах скаффолдинга для овладения понятиями физики, в то время как студенты с высоким уровнем знаний использовали вспомогательные элементы скаффолдинга только для ответа на выполнение задачи.</p><p>На основе результатов исследования сделан вывод, что многоуровневый электронный скаффолдинг открывает новую возможность для использования учителями физики в целях улучшения научного мышления учащихся. Кроме того, разработчики образовательных технологий могут принять во внимание дизайн многоуровневого электронного скаффолдинга для обеспечения адаптивной системы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Through inquiry-based learning (IBL), scaffolding is provided to help students develop their scientific reasoning (SR). However, the results obtained by students vary depending on their prior knowledge because the strategies of scaffolding vary on demand. Therefore, the different levels of scaffolding should be provided to all students based on their prior knowledge to facilitate their internalisation of new information in the classroom.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. The present research aimed to examine students’ SR in a course involving two electronic scaffolding levels (e-scaffolding) in IBL.</p><p>Methodology and research methods. The authors conducted a mixed-methods explanatory study followed by semi-structured interviews and think-aloud exercises with two classes (experimental and control) of 64 physics students in Indonesia for eight weeks. The authors collected the quantitative data by testing their prior knowledge and SR and obtained the qualitative data from the interviews and the think-aloud exercises, learning activities, photos, videos, and teachers’ notes. ANOVA analysis of the quantitative data and thematic analysis of the qualitative data were performed.</p><p>Results and scientific novelty. To our knowledge, our research marks the first instance of providing scaffolding with a tiered level option, a feature previously limited to a single level. It was found that there were significant differences in students’ SR based on students’ prior knowledge of the subject. E-scaffolding developed more on SR for students with low prior knowledge. Taking notes as a habit and switching roles during experiments helped improve students’ SR. It was observed that the students with low prior knowledge still needed e-scaffolding buttons to master physics concepts. Meanwhile, the students with high prior knowledge employed e-scaffolding buttons only to answer task completion.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance. Based on the research findings, the tiered e-scaffolding produced in this work opens a new potency to be applied by physics teachers to enhance student’ SR. Additionally, educational technology developers may consider tiered e-scaffolding designs to provide an adaptive system.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электронный скаффолдинг</kwd><kwd>обучение на основе запроса</kwd><kwd>научное мышление</kwd><kwd>предварительные знания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>e-scaffolding</kwd><kwd>inquiry-based learning</kwd><kwd>scientific reasoning</kwd><kwd>prior knowledge</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование было проведено при финансовой поддержке PNBP Universitas Negeri Malang 2022, номер контракта 19.5.1015/UN32.20.1/LT/2022.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research was carried out with financial support from the PNBP Universitas Negeri Malang in 2022, with contract № 19.5.1015/UN32.20.1/LT/2022.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eva B., Hartmann S. Reasoning in physics. Synthese. 2021; 198 (16): 3665–3669.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eva B., Hartmann S. Reasoning in physics. Synthese. 2021; 198 (16): 3665–3669.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bao L., Koenig K. Physics education research for 21st century learning. Disciplinary and Interdisciplinary Science Education Research. 2019; 1 (1): 2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bao L., Koenig K. Physics education research for 21st century learning. Disciplinary and Interdisciplinary Science Education Research. 2019; 1 (1): 2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heijltjes A., van Gog T., Leppink J., Paas F. Unraveling the effects of critical thinking instructions, practice, and self-explanation on students’ reasoning performance. Instructional Science. 2015; 43 (4): 487–506.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heijltjes A., van Gog T., Leppink J., Paas F. Unraveling the effects of critical thinking instructions, practice, and self-explanation on students’ reasoning performance. Instructional Science. 2015; 43 (4): 487–506.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alshamali M. Scientific reasoning and its relationship with problem solving: The case of upper primary science teachers. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education. 2016; 14 (6): 1003–1019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alshamali M. Scientific reasoning and its relationship with problem solving: The case of upper primary science teachers. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education. 2016; 14 (6): 1003–1019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hong J. C., Hwang M. Y., Liao S., Lin C. S., Pan Y. C., Chen Y. L. Scientific reasoning correlated to altruistic traits in an inquiry learning platform: Autistic vs. realistic reasoning in science problem-solving practice. Thinking Skills and Creativity. 2014; 12: 26–36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hong J. C., Hwang M. Y., Liao S., Lin C. S., Pan Y. C., Chen Y. L. Scientific reasoning correlated to altruistic traits in an inquiry learning platform: Autistic vs. realistic reasoning in science problem-solving practice. Thinking Skills and Creativity. 2014; 12: 26–36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khan S., Krell M. Scientific reasoning competencies: A case of preservice teacher education. Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education. 2019; 19 (4): 446–464.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khan S., Krell M. Scientific reasoning competencies: A case of preservice teacher education. Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education. 2019; 19 (4): 446–464.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lawson A. E. The development and validation of a classroom test of formal reasoning. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 1978; 15 (1): 11–24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lawson A. E. The development and validation of a classroom test of formal reasoning. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 1978; 15 (1): 11–24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Novianawati N., Nahadi N. An investigation of reasoning ability at the secondary level students. In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Bandung: IOP Publishing; 2019. p. 022061. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1157/2/022061</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novianawati N., Nahadi N. An investigation of reasoning ability at the secondary level students. In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Bandung: IOP Publishing; 2019. p. 022061. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1157/2/022061</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosdiana R., Siahaan P., Rahman T. Mapping the reasoning skill of the students on pressure concept. In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Bandung: IOP Publishing; 2019. p. 022036. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1157/2/022036</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosdiana R., Siahaan P., Rahman T. Mapping the reasoning skill of the students on pressure concept. In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Bandung: IOP Publishing; 2019. p. 022036. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1157/2/022036</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Effendy S., Hartono Y., Ian M. The ability of scientific reasoning and mastery of physics concept of state senior high school students in Palembang City [Internet]. Atlantis Press; 2018 [cited 2021 Jun 19]. p. 504–509. Available from: https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/iset-18/55910687</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Effendy S., Hartono Y., Ian M. The ability of scientific reasoning and mastery of physics concept of state senior high school students in Palembang City [Internet]. Atlantis Press; 2018 [cited 2021 Jun 19]. p. 504–509. Available from: https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/iset-18/55910687</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fawaiz S., Handayanto S. K., Wahyudi H. S. Eksplorasi Keterampilan Penalaran Ilmiah Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin Siswa SMA. Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan. 2020; 5 (7): 934–943. (In Indonesian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fawaiz S., Handayanto S. K., Wahyudi H. S. Eksplorasi Keterampilan Penalaran Ilmiah Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin Siswa SMA. Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan. 2020; 5 (7): 934–943. (In Indonesian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khoirina M., Cari C., Sukarmin. Identify students’ scientific reasoning ability at senior high school. In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Yogyakarta: Institute of Physics; 2018. p. 012024. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1097/1/012024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khoirina M., Cari C., Sukarmin. Identify students’ scientific reasoning ability at senior high school. In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Yogyakarta: Institute of Physics; 2018. p. 012024. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1097/1/012024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Woolley J. S., Deal A. M., Green J., Hathenbruck F., Kurtz S. A., Park T. K. H., et al. Undergraduate students demonstrate common false scientific reasoning strategies. Thinking Skills and Creativity. 2018; 27: 101–113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Woolley J. S., Deal A. M., Green J., Hathenbruck F., Kurtz S. A., Park T. K. H., et al. Undergraduate students demonstrate common false scientific reasoning strategies. Thinking Skills and Creativity. 2018; 27: 101–113.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ding L., Wei X., Mollohan K. Does higher education improve student scientific reasoning skills? International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education. 2016; 14 (4): 619–634.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ding L., Wei X., Mollohan K. Does higher education improve student scientific reasoning skills? International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education. 2016; 14 (4): 619–634.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andersen C., Garcia-Mila M. Scientific reasoning during inquiry. In: Taber K. S., Akpan B. (Eds.). Science education: An international course companion. Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2017. p. 105–117. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-6300-749-8_8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andersen C., Garcia-Mila M. Scientific reasoning during inquiry. In: Taber K. S., Akpan B. (Eds.). Science education: An international course companion. Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2017. p. 105–117. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-6300-749-8_8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Özdeniz Y., Aktamış H., Bildiren A. The effect of differentiated science module application on the scientific reasoning and scientific process skills of gifted students in a blended learning environment. International Journal of Science Education. 2023; 45 (4): 1–23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Özdeniz Y., Aktamış H., Bildiren A. The effect of differentiated science module application on the scientific reasoning and scientific process skills of gifted students in a blended learning environment. International Journal of Science Education. 2023; 45 (4): 1–23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vaesen K., Houkes W. A new framework for teaching scientific reasoning to students from application-oriented sciences. European Journal for Philosophy of Science. 2021; 11 (2): 56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vaesen K., Houkes W. A new framework for teaching scientific reasoning to students from application-oriented sciences. European Journal for Philosophy of Science. 2021; 11 (2): 56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marušić M. Assessing pharmacy students’ scientific reasoning after completing a physics course taught using active-learning methods. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 2020; 84 (8): 1112–1122.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marušić M. Assessing pharmacy students’ scientific reasoning after completing a physics course taught using active-learning methods. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 2020; 84 (8): 1112–1122.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Balushi S. The effectiveness of interacting with scientific animations in chemistry using mobile devices on grade 12 students’ spatial ability and scientific reasoning skills. Journal of Science Education and Technology. 2017; 26 (1): 70–81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Balushi S. The effectiveness of interacting with scientific animations in chemistry using mobile devices on grade 12 students’ spatial ability and scientific reasoning skills. Journal of Science Education and Technology. 2017; 26 (1): 70–81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Göhner M., Krell M. Preservice science teachers’ strategies in scientific reasoning: the case of modeling. Research in Science Education. 2022; 52 (2): 395–414.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Göhner M., Krell M. Preservice science teachers’ strategies in scientific reasoning: the case of modeling. Research in Science Education. 2022; 52 (2): 395–414.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taub M., Sawyer R., Lester J., Azevedo R. The impact of contextualized emotions on self-regulated learning and scientific reasoning during learning with a game-based learning environment. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education. 2020; 30 (1): 97–120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taub M., Sawyer R., Lester J., Azevedo R. The impact of contextualized emotions on self-regulated learning and scientific reasoning during learning with a game-based learning environment. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education. 2020; 30 (1): 97–120.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Novo M., Salvadó Z. Fostering kindergarteners’ scientific reasoning in vulnerable settings through dialogic inquiry-based learning. In: Postiglione E. (Ed.). Fostering inclusion in education: Alternative approaches to progressive educational practices. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2022. p. 229–243. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07492-9_11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novo M., Salvadó Z. Fostering kindergarteners’ scientific reasoning in vulnerable settings through dialogic inquiry-based learning. In: Postiglione E. (Ed.). Fostering inclusion in education: Alternative approaches to progressive educational practices. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2022. p. 229–243. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07492-9_11</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kant J. M., Scheiter K., Oschatz K. How to sequence video modeling examples and inquiry tasks to foster scientific reasoning. Learning and Instruction. 2017; 52: 46–58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kant J. M., Scheiter K., Oschatz K. How to sequence video modeling examples and inquiry tasks to foster scientific reasoning. Learning and Instruction. 2017; 52: 46–58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erlina N. The effectiveness of evidence-based reasoning in inquiry-based physics teaching to increase students’ scientific reasoning. Journal of Baltic Science Education. 2018; 17 (6): 972–985.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erlina N. The effectiveness of evidence-based reasoning in inquiry-based physics teaching to increase students’ scientific reasoning. Journal of Baltic Science Education. 2018; 17 (6): 972–985.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schlatter E., Molenaar I., Lazonder A. W. Individual differences in children’s development of scientific reasoning through inquiry-based instruction: Who needs additional guidance? Frontiers in Psychology [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Jan 13]; 11. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00904/full?report=reader</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schlatter E., Molenaar I., Lazonder A. W. Individual differences in children’s development of scientific reasoning through inquiry-based instruction: Who needs additional guidance? Frontiers in Psychology [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Jan 13]; 11. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00904/full?report=reader</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orosz G., Németh V., Kovács L., Somogyi Z., Korom E. Guided inquiry-based learning in secondary-school chemistry classes: A case study. Chemistry Education Research and Practice. 2023; 24 (1): 50–70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orosz G., Németh V., Kovács L., Somogyi Z., Korom E. Guided inquiry-based learning in secondary-school chemistry classes: A case study. Chemistry Education Research and Practice. 2023; 24 (1): 50–70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krell M., Khan S., Vergara C., Cofré H., Mathesius S., Krüger D. Pre-service science teachers’ scientific reasoning competencies: Analysing the impact of contributing factors. Research in Science Education. 2023; 53 (1): 59–79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krell M., Khan S., Vergara C., Cofré H., Mathesius S., Krüger D. Pre-service science teachers’ scientific reasoning competencies: Analysing the impact of contributing factors. Research in Science Education. 2023; 53 (1): 59–79.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nenciovici L. Brain activations associated with scientific reasoning: A literature review. Cognitive Processing. 2019; 20 (2): 139–161.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nenciovici L. Brain activations associated with scientific reasoning: A literature review. Cognitive Processing. 2019; 20 (2): 139–161.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klahr, Dunbar. Dual space search during scientific reasoning. Cognitive Science. 1988; 12 (1): 1–48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klahr, Dunbar. Dual space search during scientific reasoning. Cognitive Science. 1988; 12 (1): 1–48.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Omarchevska Y., Lachner A., Richter J., Scheiter K. It takes two to tango: How scientific reasoning and self-regulation processes impact argumentation quality. Journal of the Learning Sciences. 2022; 31 (2): 237–377.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Omarchevska Y., Lachner A., Richter J., Scheiter K. It takes two to tango: How scientific reasoning and self-regulation processes impact argumentation quality. Journal of the Learning Sciences. 2022; 31 (2): 237–377.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yanto B. E., Subali B., Suyanto S. Improving students’ scientific reasoning skills through the three levels of inquiry. International Journal of Instruction. 2019; 12 (4): 689–704.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yanto B. E., Subali B., Suyanto S. Improving students’ scientific reasoning skills through the three levels of inquiry. International Journal of Instruction. 2019; 12 (4): 689–704.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osborne J., Rafanelli S., Kind P. Toward a more coherent model for science education than the crosscutting concepts of the next generation science standards: The affordances of styles of reasoning. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 2018; 55 (7): 962–981.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osborne J., Rafanelli S., Kind P. Toward a more coherent model for science education than the crosscutting concepts of the next generation science standards: The affordances of styles of reasoning. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 2018; 55 (7): 962–981.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chinn C. A., Duncan R. G. What is the value of general knowledge of scientific reasoning? In: Fischer F., Chinn C. A., Engelmann K., Osborne J. (Eds.). Scientific reasoning and argumentation. Routledge; 2018. p. 77–101. DOI: 10.4324/9780203731826-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chinn C. A., Duncan R. G. What is the value of general knowledge of scientific reasoning? In: Fischer F., Chinn C. A., Engelmann K., Osborne J. (Eds.). Scientific reasoning and argumentation. Routledge; 2018. p. 77–101. DOI: 10.4324/9780203731826-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Legare C. The contributions of explanation and exploration to children’s scientific reasoning. Child Development Perspectives. 2014; 8 (2): 101–106.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Legare C. The contributions of explanation and exploration to children’s scientific reasoning. Child Development Perspectives. 2014; 8 (2): 101–106.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li C., Yang L. How scientific concept develops: Languaging in collaborative writing tasks. System. 2022; 105: 102744.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li C., Yang L. How scientific concept develops: Languaging in collaborative writing tasks. System. 2022; 105: 102744.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van der Graaf J. Inquiry-based learning and conceptual change in balance beam understanding. Frontiers in Psychology [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Mar 26]; 11. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01621</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van der Graaf J. Inquiry-based learning and conceptual change in balance beam understanding. Frontiers in Psychology [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Mar 26]; 11. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01621</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lazonder A. W., Hagemans M. G., de Jong T. Offering and discovering domain information in simulation-based inquiry learning. Learning and Instruction. 2010; 20 (6): 511–520.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lazonder A. W., Hagemans M. G., de Jong T. Offering and discovering domain information in simulation-based inquiry learning. Learning and Instruction. 2010; 20 (6): 511–520.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mulder Y. G., Lazonder A. W., de Jong T. Finding out how they find it out: An empirical analysis of inquiry learners’ need for support. International Journal of Science Education. 2010; 32 (15): 2033–2053.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mulder Y. G., Lazonder A. W., de Jong T. Finding out how they find it out: An empirical analysis of inquiry learners’ need for support. International Journal of Science Education. 2010; 32 (15): 2033–2053.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaiser I., Mayer J. The long-term benefit of video modeling examples for guided inquiry. Frontiers in Education [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2023 Mar 26]; 4. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2019.00104</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaiser I., Mayer J. The long-term benefit of video modeling examples for guided inquiry. Frontiers in Education [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2023 Mar 26]; 4. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2019.00104</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bruckermann T., Greving H., Schumann A., Stillfried M., Börner K., Kimmig S. E., et al. Scientific reasoning skills predict topic-specific knowledge after participation in a citizen science project on urban wildlife ecology. Journal of Research in Science Teaching [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Mar 22]; 60: 1915–1941. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/tea.21835</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bruckermann T., Greving H., Schumann A., Stillfried M., Börner K., Kimmig S. E., et al. Scientific reasoning skills predict topic-specific knowledge after participation in a citizen science project on urban wildlife ecology. Journal of Research in Science Teaching [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Mar 22]; 60: 1915–1941. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/tea.21835</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun Y., Yan Z., Wu B. How differently designed guidance influences simulation-based inquiry learning in science education: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. 2022; 38 (4): 960–976.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun Y., Yan Z., Wu B. How differently designed guidance influences simulation-based inquiry learning in science education: A systematic review. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. 2022; 38 (4): 960–976.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lazonder A. W., Harmsen R. Meta-analysis of inquiry-based learning: Effects of guidance. Review of Educational Research. 2016; 86 (3): 681–718.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lazonder A. W., Harmsen R. Meta-analysis of inquiry-based learning: Effects of guidance. Review of Educational Research. 2016; 86 (3): 681–718.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koes-H. S., Hanum M. R. Nurturing higher order thinking ability through visual scaffolding in group investigation. In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. IOP Publishing; 2019. p. 012069. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1185/1/012069</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koes-H. S., Hanum M. R. Nurturing higher order thinking ability through visual scaffolding in group investigation. In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. IOP Publishing; 2019. p. 012069. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1185/1/012069</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saman M. I., Koes-H. S., Sunaryono S. Procedural e-scaffolding in improving students physics problem solving skills. Unnes Science Education Journal [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Feb 23]; 7 (2). Available from: https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/usej/article/view/23290</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saman M. I., Koes-H. S., Sunaryono S. Procedural e-scaffolding in improving students physics problem solving skills. Unnes Science Education Journal [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Feb 23]; 7 (2). Available from: https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/usej/article/view/23290</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belland B. R., Walker A. E., Kim N. J., Lefler M. Synthesizing results from empirical research on computer-based scaffolding in STEM education: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research. 2017; 87 (2): 309–344.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belland B. R., Walker A. E., Kim N. J., Lefler M. Synthesizing results from empirical research on computer-based scaffolding in STEM education: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research. 2017; 87 (2): 309–344.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moon J. A., Brockway D. Facilitating learning in an interactive science simulation: The Effects of task segmentation guidance on adults’ inquiry-based learning and cognitive load. Journal of Research on Technology in Education. 2019; 51 (1): 77–100.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moon J. A., Brockway D. Facilitating learning in an interactive science simulation: The Effects of task segmentation guidance on adults’ inquiry-based learning and cognitive load. Journal of Research on Technology in Education. 2019; 51 (1): 77–100.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Großmann N., Wilde M. Experimentation in biology lessons: Guided discovery through incremental scaffolds. International Journal of Science Education. 2019; 41 (6): 759–781.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Großmann N., Wilde M. Experimentation in biology lessons: Guided discovery through incremental scaffolds. International Journal of Science Education. 2019; 41 (6): 759–781.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blumer L. Laboratory courses with guided-inquiry modules improve scientific reasoning and experimental design skills for the least-prepared undergraduate students. CBE Life Sciences Education [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2023 Feb 23]; 18 (1). Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&amp;scp=85060546621&amp;origin=inward</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blumer L. Laboratory courses with guided-inquiry modules improve scientific reasoning and experimental design skills for the least-prepared undergraduate students. CBE Life Sciences Education [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2023 Feb 23]; 18 (1). Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&amp;scp=85060546621&amp;origin=inward</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Creswell J. W., Clark V. L. P. Designing and conducting mixed methods research. 3rd edition. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications; 2018. 520 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Creswell J. W., Clark V. L. P. Designing and conducting mixed methods research. 3rd edition. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications; 2018. 520 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bond T. G., Fox C. M. Applying the Rasch model: Fundamental measurement in the human sciences. 3rd edition. New York ; London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group; 2015. 383 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bond T. G., Fox C. M. Applying the Rasch model: Fundamental measurement in the human sciences. 3rd edition. New York ; London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group; 2015. 383 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Braun V., Clarke V., Hayfield N., Terry G. Thematic analysis. In: Liamputtong P. (Ed.). Handbook of research methods in health social sciences [Internet]. Singapore: Springer Singapore; 2019 [cited 2021 Sep 29]. p. 843–60. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-10-5251-4_103</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Braun V., Clarke V., Hayfield N., Terry G. Thematic analysis. In: Liamputtong P. (Ed.). Handbook of research methods in health social sciences [Internet]. Singapore: Springer Singapore; 2019 [cited 2021 Sep 29]. p. 843–60. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-10-5251-4_103</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reinhold F., Hoch S., Werner B., Richter-Gebert J., Reiss K. Learning fractions with and without educational technology: What matters for high-achieving and low-achieving students? Learning and Instruction. 2020; 65: 101264.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reinhold F., Hoch S., Werner B., Richter-Gebert J., Reiss K. Learning fractions with and without educational technology: What matters for high-achieving and low-achieving students? Learning and Instruction. 2020; 65: 101264.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Riesen S., Gijlers H., Anjewierden A., de Jong T. Supporting learners’ experiment design. Educational Technology Research and Development. 2018; 66 (2): 475–491.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Riesen S., Gijlers H., Anjewierden A., de Jong T. Supporting learners’ experiment design. Educational Technology Research and Development. 2018; 66 (2): 475–491.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roll I., Butler D., Yee N., Welsh A., Perez S., Briseno A., et al. Understanding the impact of guiding inquiry: The relationship between directive support, student attributes, and transfer of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours in inquiry learning. Instructional Science. 2018; 46 (1): 77–104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roll I., Butler D., Yee N., Welsh A., Perez S., Briseno A., et al. Understanding the impact of guiding inquiry: The relationship between directive support, student attributes, and transfer of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours in inquiry learning. Instructional Science. 2018; 46 (1): 77–104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Riesen S. A. N., Gijlers H., Anjewierden A., de Jong T. The influence of prior knowledge on experiment design guidance in a science inquiry context. International Journal of Science Education. 2018; 40 (11): 1327–1344.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Riesen S. A. N., Gijlers H., Anjewierden A., de Jong T. The influence of prior knowledge on experiment design guidance in a science inquiry context. International Journal of Science Education. 2018; 40 (11): 1327–1344.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Riesen S. A. N., Gijlers H., Anjewierden A. A., de Jong T. The influence of prior knowledge on the effectiveness of guided experiment design. Interactive Learning Environments. 2019; 30 (1): 1–17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Riesen S. A. N., Gijlers H., Anjewierden A. A., de Jong T. The influence of prior knowledge on the effectiveness of guided experiment design. Interactive Learning Environments. 2019; 30 (1): 1–17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Utomo D. P., Santoso T. Zone of proximal development and scaffolding required by junior high school students in solving mathematical problems. Obrazovanie i nauka = The Education and Science Journal. 2021; 23 (9): 186–202.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Utomo D. P., Santoso T. Zone of proximal development and scaffolding required by junior high school students in solving mathematical problems. Obrazovanie i nauka = The Education and Science Journal. 2021; 23 (9): 186–202.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gijlers H., de Jong T. The relation between prior knowledge and students’ collaborative discovery learning processes. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 2005; 42 (3): 264–282.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gijlers H., de Jong T. The relation between prior knowledge and students’ collaborative discovery learning processes. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 2005; 42 (3): 264–282.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taber K. S. Mediated learning leading development – the social development theory of Lev Vygotsky. In: Akpan B., Kennedy T. J. (Eds.). Science education in theory and practice: An introductory guide to learning theory. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2020. p. 277–291. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43620-9_19</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taber K. S. Mediated learning leading development – the social development theory of Lev Vygotsky. In: Akpan B., Kennedy T. J. (Eds.). Science education in theory and practice: An introductory guide to learning theory. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2020. p. 277–291. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43620-9_19</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bulu S. T., Pedersen S. Supporting problem-solving performance in a hypermedia learning environment: The role of students’ prior knowledge and metacognitive skills. Computers in Human Behavior. 2012; 28 (4): 1162–1169.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bulu S. T., Pedersen S. Supporting problem-solving performance in a hypermedia learning environment: The role of students’ prior knowledge and metacognitive skills. Computers in Human Behavior. 2012; 28 (4): 1162–1169.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mende S., Proske A., Körndle H., Narciss S. Who benefits from a low versus high guidance CSCL script and why? Instructional Science. 2017; 45 (4): 439–468.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mende S., Proske A., Körndle H., Narciss S. Who benefits from a low versus high guidance CSCL script and why? Instructional Science. 2017; 45 (4): 439–468.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chou C. Y., Lai K. R., Chao P. Y., Tseng S. F., Liao T. Y. A negotiation-based adaptive learning system for regulating help-seeking behaviors. Computers &amp; Education. 2018; 126: 115–128.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chou C. Y., Lai K. R., Chao P. Y., Tseng S. F., Liao T. Y. A negotiation-based adaptive learning system for regulating help-seeking behaviors. Computers &amp; Education. 2018; 126: 115–128.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang M., Quintana C. Scaffolding strategies for supporting middle school students’ online inquiry processes. Computers &amp; Education. 2012; 58 (1): 181–196.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang M., Quintana C. Scaffolding strategies for supporting middle school students’ online inquiry processes. Computers &amp; Education. 2012; 58 (1): 181–196.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garcia-Mila M., Andersen C. Developmental change in notetaking during scientific inquiry. International Journal of Science Education. 2007; 29 (8): 1035–1058.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garcia-Mila M., Andersen C. Developmental change in notetaking during scientific inquiry. International Journal of Science Education. 2007; 29 (8): 1035–1058.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bain J. D., Ballantyne R., Packer J., Mills C. Using journal writing to enhance student teachers’ reflectivity during field experience placements. Teachers and Teaching. 1999; 5 (1): 51–73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bain J. D., Ballantyne R., Packer J., Mills C. Using journal writing to enhance student teachers’ reflectivity during field experience placements. Teachers and Teaching. 1999; 5 (1): 51–73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dewey J. How we think. Lexington, MA, US: D.C. Heath; 1910. 228 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dewey J. How we think. Lexington, MA, US: D.C. Heath; 1910. 228 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boud D., Keogh R., Walker D. Reflection: Turning experience into learning. London: Routledge; 1985. 172 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boud D., Keogh R., Walker D. Reflection: Turning experience into learning. London: Routledge; 1985. 172 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Epp C. D., Akcayir G., Phirangee K. Think twice: Exploring the effect of reflective practices with peer review on reflective writing and writing quality in computer-science education. Reflective Practice. 2019; 20 (4): 533–547.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Epp C. D., Akcayir G., Phirangee K. Think twice: Exploring the effect of reflective practices with peer review on reflective writing and writing quality in computer-science education. Reflective Practice. 2019; 20 (4): 533–547.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Runnel M. I., Pedaste M., Leijen Ä., Leijen Ä. Model for guiding reflection in the context of inquiry-based science education. Journal of Baltic Science Education. 2013; 12 (1): 107–118.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Runnel M. I., Pedaste M., Leijen Ä., Leijen Ä. Model for guiding reflection in the context of inquiry-based science education. Journal of Baltic Science Education. 2013; 12 (1): 107–118.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trevors G., Duffy M., Azevedo R. Note-taking within MetaTutor: Interactions between an intelligent tutoring system and prior knowledge on note-taking and learning. Educational Technology Research and Development. 2014; 62 (5): 507–528.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trevors G., Duffy M., Azevedo R. Note-taking within MetaTutor: Interactions between an intelligent tutoring system and prior knowledge on note-taking and learning. Educational Technology Research and Development. 2014; 62 (5): 507–528.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trafton J. G., Trickett S. B. Note-taking for self-explanation and problem solving. Human-Computer Interaction. 2001; 16 (1): 1–38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trafton J. G., Trickett S. B. Note-taking for self-explanation and problem solving. Human-Computer Interaction. 2001; 16 (1): 1–38.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cho Y. H., Jonassen D. H. Learning by self-explaining causal diagrams in high-school biology. Asia Pacific Education Review. 2012; 13 (1): 171–184.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cho Y. H., Jonassen D. H. Learning by self-explaining causal diagrams in high-school biology. Asia Pacific Education Review. 2012; 13 (1): 171–184.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garcia-Mila M., Andersen C., Rojo N. E. Elementary students’ laboratory record keeping during scientific inquiry. International Journal of Science Education. 2011; 33 (7): 915–942.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garcia-Mila M., Andersen C., Rojo N. E. Elementary students’ laboratory record keeping during scientific inquiry. International Journal of Science Education. 2011; 33 (7): 915–942.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuhn D., Phelps E. The development of problem-solving strategies. In: Reese H. W. (Ed.). Advances in child development and behavior [Internet]. JAI; 1982 [cited 2023 Feb 23]. p. 1–44. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065240708603560</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuhn D., Phelps E. The development of problem-solving strategies. In: Reese H. W. (Ed.). Advances in child development and behavior [Internet]. JAI; 1982 [cited 2023 Feb 23]. p. 1–44. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065240708603560</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nawani J., von Kotzebue L., Spangler M., Neuhaus B. J. Engaging students in constructing scientific explanations in biology classrooms: A lesson-design model. Journal of Biological Education. 2019; 53 (4): 378–389.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nawani J., von Kotzebue L., Spangler M., Neuhaus B. J. Engaging students in constructing scientific explanations in biology classrooms: A lesson-design model. Journal of Biological Education. 2019; 53 (4): 378–389.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buning J., Fokkema D., Kuik G. Dreef T. Open inquiry experiments in physics laboratory courses. In: Sokołowska D., Michelini M. (Eds.). The role of laboratory work in improving physics teaching and learning. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2018. p. 95–105. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-96184-2_8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buning J., Fokkema D., Kuik G. Dreef T. Open inquiry experiments in physics laboratory courses. In: Sokołowska D., Michelini M. (Eds.). The role of laboratory work in improving physics teaching and learning. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2018. p. 95–105. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-96184-2_8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aidoo B., Anthony-Krueger C., Gyampoh A. O. G., Tsyawo J., Quansah F. A mixed-method approach to investigate the effect of flipped inquiry-based learning on chemistry students learning. European Journal of Science and Mathematics Education. 2022; 10 (4): 507–518.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aidoo B., Anthony-Krueger C., Gyampoh A. O. G., Tsyawo J., Quansah F. A mixed-method approach to investigate the effect of flipped inquiry-based learning on chemistry students learning. European Journal of Science and Mathematics Education. 2022; 10 (4): 507–518.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Veale C. G. L. Prioritizing the development of experimental skills and scientific reasoning: A model for authentic evaluation of laboratory performance in large organic chemistry classes. Journal of Chemical Education. 2020; 97 (3): 675–680.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veale C. G. L. Prioritizing the development of experimental skills and scientific reasoning: A model for authentic evaluation of laboratory performance in large organic chemistry classes. Journal of Chemical Education. 2020; 97 (3): 675–680.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit79"><label>79</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abate T. Assessment of scientific reasoning: Development and validation of scientific reasoning assessment tool. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education. 2020; 16 (12): 1–15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abate T. Assessment of scientific reasoning: Development and validation of scientific reasoning assessment tool. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education. 2020; 16 (12): 1–15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit80"><label>80</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schepman A., Rodway P., Beattie C., Lambert J. An observational study of undergraduate students’ adoption of (mobile) note-taking software. Computers in Human Behavior. 2012; 28 (2): 308–317.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schepman A., Rodway P., Beattie C., Lambert J. An observational study of undergraduate students’ adoption of (mobile) note-taking software. Computers in Human Behavior. 2012; 28 (2): 308–317.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
