edscienceОбразование и наукаThe Education and science journal1994-56392310-5828RSVPU10.17853/1994-5639-2025-5-168-190edscience-4323Research ArticleСОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В ОБРАЗОВАНИИSOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONОценка развитости мягких навыков студентов экономических направлений подготовки в университетахAssessment of soft skills development in economics studentshttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-9275-0099МирзоянА. Г.MirzoyanA. G.

Мирзоян Ашот Гамлетович – старший преподаватель кафедры экономики инноваций Экономического факультета

Москва

Ashot G. Mirzoyan – Senior Lecturer, Department of Innovation Economics, Faculty of Economics

Moscow 

kell56@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9154-8244МихайловаЛ. А.MikhailovaL. A.

Михайлова Людмила Александровна – кандидат экономических наук, доцент кафедры экономики инноваций Экономического факультета

Москва

Liudmila A. Mikhailova – Cand. Sci. (Economics), Associate Professor, Department of Innovation Economics, Faculty of Economics

Moscow 

write333@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7483-1910СусловаИ. П.SuslovaI. P.

Суслова Ирина Павловна – преподаватель кафедры экономики инноваций Экономического факультета 

Москва

Irina P. Suslova – Lecturer, Department of Innovation Economics, Faculty of Economics

Moscow 

suslovairena@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-5149-7421ОбуховаП. И.ObukhovaP. I.

Обухова Полина Игоревна – лаборант учебно-научной лаборатории «Проект MAX» Экономического факультета 

Москва

Polina I. Obukhova – Laboratory Worker, Educational and Scientific Laboratory “Project MAX”

Moscow 

obukhova.po@gmail.comМосковский государственный университет имени М. В. ЛомоносоваLomonosov Moscow State University202530042025275168190Copyright © Мирзоян А.Г., Михайлова Л.А., Суслова И.П., Обухова П.И., 20252025Мирзоян А.Г., Михайлова Л.А., Суслова И.П., Обухова П.И.Mirzoyan A.G., Mikhailova L.A., Suslova I.P., Obukhova P.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/4323Введение

Введение. В условиях современного рынка труда от соискателей требуются не только узкопрофессиональные знания, связанные с конкретной предметной областью, но и мягкие навыки, такие как навыки работы в команде, способность отстаивать свою точку зрения, решать задачи и принимать решения. При этом наблюдается разрыв между требованиями работодателей и фактическим уровнем развития мягких навыков выпускников. Это объясняется тем, что учебные программы высших учебных заведений мало адаптированы к задаче развития мягких навыков.

Целью исследования является оценка развитости мягких навыков у студентов бакалавриата на примере экономического факультета МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова (направление «Менеджмент») по результатам двух лет обучения.

Методология, методы и методики. Для определения уровня развития компетенций использовались оценки асессоров. С их помощью оценивался уровень развития таких компетенций как лидерство, работа в команде, аналитика, убеждение и влияние, межличностное взаимодействие, принятие решений. Список исследуемых компетенций был сформирован в рамках стратегической сессии, в которой приняли участие представители работодателей, являющихся партнерами факультета.

Результаты и научная новизна. Проведенное исследование показало, что уровень мягких навыков, связанных с лидерством, аналитикой и принятием решений, существенно снизился в период пандемии. Единственная компетенция, уровень которой значимо вырос по результатам двух лет обучения – межличностное взаимодействие. Студенты, имеющие высокий уровень развития компетенций при поступлении, демонстрируют высокие значения компетенций и на третьем курсе. Не было найдено различий в уровне развития компетенций между юношами и девушками.

Практическая значимость

Практическая значимость. В работе приведены подходы, которые могут быть использованы для развития мягких навыков студентов в процессе обучения.

Introduction

Introduction. In the current labour market, employees must not only acquire specific professional knowledge but also develop essential soft skills such as teamwork, assertiveness, problem-solving, and decision-making. However, there exists a gap between employer expectations and the level of soft skills development among graduates. This discrepancy can be attributed to the fact that university curricula are inadequately designed to foster the development of these vital soft skills.

Aim

Aim. The aim of this research is to assess the development of soft skills among bachelor’s students, using the example of the Faculty of Economics at Lomonosov Moscow State University (Management profile), by analysing their results over a two-year period.

Methodology and research methods. The evaluators’ assessments were utilised to gauge the development of soft skills. This evaluation measured the level of competencies including leadership, teamwork, analytical thinking, persuasion and influence, interpersonal communication, and problem-solving. The list of competencies under study was established during a strategic session that included representatives from partner companies of the faculty.

Results and scientific novelty. The research indicates that the development of soft skills related to leadership, analytics, and problem-solving significantly declined during the pandemic. The only competency that demonstrated consistent growth over the two-year period was interpersonal communication. A significant correlation was identified between the level of competency development upon entering the university and in the third year of study. No differences were found between the competency levels of male and female students.

Practical significance

Practical significance. The study outlines various approaches that can be employed to enhance the development of students’ soft skills during the learning process.

мягкие навыкипандемиякомпетенциикарта компетенцийsoft skillspandemiccompetenciescompetency mapReferencesГлухова И.В. Приемы и факторы развития навыков критического мышления. Образование и наука. 2015;1(1):114–122. doi:10.17853/1994-5639-2015-1-114-122Glukhova I.V. Techniques and factors contributing to developing critical thinking skills. Obrazovanie i nauka = The Education and Science Journal. 2015;1(1):114–122. (In Russ.) doi:10.17853/1994-56392015-1-114-122Hagen A., Udeh I., Wilkie M. The way that companies should manage their human resources as their most important asset: empirical investigation. Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER). 2011;1(1). doi:10.19030/jber.v1i1.2962Hagen A., Udeh I., Wilkie M. The way that companies should manage their human resources as their most important asset: empirical investigation. Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER). 2011;1(1). doi:10.19030/jber.v1i1.2962Fahimirad M., Nair P.K., Kotamjani S.S., Mahdinezhad M., Feng J. B. Integration and development of employability skills into Malaysian higher education context: review of the literature. International Journal of Higher Education. 2019;8(6):26–35. doi:10.5430/ijhe.v8n6p26Fahimirad M., Nair P.K., Kotamjani S.S., Mahdinezhad M., Feng J. B. Integration and development of employability skills into Malaysian higher education context: review of the literature. International Journal of Higher Education. 2019;8(6):26–35. doi:10.5430/ijhe.v8n6p26Mgaiwa S.J. Fostering graduate employability: rethinking Tanzania’s university practices. Sage Open. 2021;11. doi:10.1177/21582440211006709Mgaiwa S.J. Fostering graduate employability: rethinking Tanzania’s university practices. Sage Open. 2021;11. doi:10.1177/21582440211006709Vera F., Tejada E. Developing soft skills in undergraduate students: a case at a Chilean private university. Revista Electrónica Transformar. 2020;1(1):57–67.Vera F., Tejada E. Developing soft skills in undergraduate students: a case at a Chilean private university. Revista Electrónica Transformar. 2020;1(1):57–67.Schislyaeva E.R., Saychenko O.A. Labor market soft skills in the context of digitalization of the economy. Social Sciences. 2022;11(3). doi:10.3390/socsci11030091Schislyaeva E.R., Saychenko O.A. Labor market soft skills in the context of digitalization of the economy. Social Sciences. 2022;11(3). doi:10.3390/socsci11030091Чевтаева Н.Г., Никитина А.С., Вишневская А.В. Культура коммуникации преподавателя и студента как матрица формирования «soft skills» выпускника. Высшее образование в России. 2020;(12):33–44. doi:10.31992/0869-3617-2020-29-12-33-44Chevtaeva N.G., Nikitina A.S., Vishnevskaja A.V. Communication culture as a matrix for graduate’s “soft” skills development. Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia. 2020;(12):33– 44. (In Russ.) doi:10.31992/0869-3617-2020-29-12-33-44Цаликова И.К., Пахотина С.В. Научные исследования по вопросам формирования soft skills (обзор данных в международных базах Scopus, Web of Science). Образование и наука. 2019;21(8):187–207. doi:10.17853/1994-5639-2019-7-187-207Tsalikova I.K., Pakhotina S.V. Scientific research on the issue of soft skills development (Review of the data in international databases of Scopus, Web of Science). Obrazovanie i nauka = The Education and Science Journal. 2019;21(8):187–207. (In Russ.) doi:10.17853/1994-5639-2019-7-187-207Tran T.T. Limitation on the development of skills in higher education in Vietnam. Higher Education. 2013;65(5):631–644. doi:10.1007/s10734-012-9567-7Tran T.T. Limitation on the development of skills in higher education in Vietnam. Higher Education. 2013;65(5):631–644. doi:10.1007/s10734-012-9567-7Gonzalez M.A.G., Abu Kasim N.H., Naimie Z. Soft skills and dental education. European Journal of Dental Education. 2013;17(2):73–82. doi:10.1111/eje.12017Gonzalez M.A.G., Abu Kasim N.H., Naimie Z. Soft skills and dental education. European Journal of Dental Education. 2013;17(2):73–82. doi:10.1111/eje.12017Lippman L.H., Ryberg R., Carney R., Moore K.A. Workforce connections: key “soft skills” that foster youth workforce success: toward a consensus across fields. Child Trends Publication. 2015;56.Lippman L.H., Ryberg R., Carney R., Moore K.A. Workforce connections: key “soft skills” that foster youth workforce success: toward a consensus across fields. Child Trends Publication. 2015;56.Taylor E. Investigating the perception of stakeholders on soft skills development of students: evidence from South Africa. Interdisciplinary Journal of e-Skills and Lifelong Learning. 2016;12(1):1–18. doi:10.28945/3412Taylor E. Investigating the perception of stakeholders on soft skills development of students: evidence from South Africa. Interdisciplinary Journal of e-Skills and Lifelong Learning. 2016;12(1):1–18. doi:10.28945/3412Rainsbury E., Hodges D.L., Burchell N., Lay M.C. Ranking workplace competencies: student and graduate perceptions. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education. 2002;3.Rainsbury E., Hodges D.L., Burchell N., Lay M.C. Ranking workplace competencies: student and graduate perceptions. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education. 2002;3.Noah J.B., Aziz A.F. A systematic review on soft skills development among university graduates. Journal of Social Sciences. 2020;6(1):53–68. doi:10.37134/ejoss.vol6.1.6.2020Noah J.B., Aziz A.F. A systematic review on soft skills development among university graduates. Journal of Social Sciences. 2020;6(1):53–68. doi:10.37134/ejoss.vol6.1.6.2020Cinque M., Carretero S., Napierala J. Non-cognitive skills and other related concepts: towards a better understanding of similarities and differences. JRC Working Papers Series on Labour, Education and Technology. 2021. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.32488.39685Cinque M., Carretero S., Napierala J. Non-cognitive skills and other related concepts: towards a better understanding of similarities and differences. JRC Working Papers Series on Labour, Education and Technology. 2021. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.32488.39685Balcar J. Is it better to invest in hard or soft skills? Economic and Labour Relations Review. 2016;27(4):453–470. doi:10.1177/1035304616674613Balcar J. Is it better to invest in hard or soft skills? Economic and Labour Relations Review. 2016;27(4):453–470. doi:10.1177/1035304616674613Bartram D. The great eight competencies: a criterion-centric approach to validation. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2005;90(6). doi:10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1185Bartram D. The great eight competencies: a criterion-centric approach to validation. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2005;90(6). doi:10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1185Cinque M. “Lost in translation”. Soft skills development in European countries. Tuning Journal for Higher Education. 2016;3(2):389–427. doi:10.18543/tjhe-3(2)-2016pp389-427Cinque M. “Lost in translation”. Soft skills development in European countries. Tuning Journal for Higher Education. 2016;3(2):389–427. doi:10.18543/tjhe-3(2)-2016pp389-427Степанова Л.Н., Зеер Э.Ф. Soft skills как предикторы жизненного самоосуществления студентов. Образование и наука. 2019;21(8):65–89. doi:10.17853/1994-5639-2019-8-65-89Stepanova L.N., Zeer E.F. Soft skills as predictors of students’ life self-fulfillment. Obrazovanie i nauka = The Education and Science Journal. 2019;21(8):65–89. (In Russ.) doi:10.17853/1994-56392019-8-65-89Исаев А.П., Плотников Л.В. Мягкие навыки для успешной карьеры выпускников инженерного профиля. Высшее образование в России. 2021;(10):63–77. doi:10.31992/0869-3617-2021-30-1063-77Isaev A.P., Plotnikov L.V. Soft skills for a successful engineering graduate career. Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia. 2021;(10):63–77. (In Russ.) doi:10.31992/0869-36172021-30-10-63-77Абрамова И.Е., Шишмолина Е.П. Формирование навыков самоорганизации и самооценивания студентов в конкурентной иноязычной обучающей среде: практический опыт. Образование и наука. 2020;22(10):161–185. doi:10.17853/1994-5639-2020-10-161-185Abramova I.E., Shishmolina E.P. The formation of students’ self-organisation and self-assessment skills in a competitive foreign learning environment: case study. Obrazovanie i nauka = The Education and Science Journal. 2020;22(10):161–185. (In Russ.) doi:10.17853/1994-5639-2020-10-161185Barney J.B. Looking inside for competitive advantage. Academy of Management Perspectives. 1995;9(4):49-61. doi:10.5465/ame.1995.9512032192Barney J.B. Looking inside for competitive advantage. Academy of Management Perspectives. 1995;9(4):49–61. doi:10.5465/ame.1995.9512032192Teece D.J., Pisano G., Shuen A. Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal. 1997;18(7):509–533.Teece D.J., Pisano G., Shuen A. Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal. 1997;18(7):509–533.Bacolod M.P., Blum B.S. Two sides of the same coin: U.S. ‘residual’ inequality and the gender gap. Journal of Human Resources. 2010;45(1):197–242. doi:10.3368/jhr.45.1.197Bacolod M.P., Blum B.S. Two sides of the same coin: U.S. ‘residual’ inequality and the gender gap. Journal of Human Resources. 2010;45(1):197–242. doi:10.3368/jhr.45.1.197Balcar J. Soft skills and their wage returns: Overview of empirical literature. Review of Economic Perspectives. 2014;14(1):3–15. doi:10.2478/revecp-2014-0001Balcar J. Soft skills and their wage returns: overview of empirical literature. Review of Economic Perspectives. 2014;14(1):3–15. doi:10.2478/revecp-2014-0001Qizi K.N.U. Soft skills development in higher education. Universal Journal of Educational Research. 2020;8(5):1916–1925. doi:10.13189/ujer.2020.080528Qizi K.N.U. Soft skills development in higher education. Universal Journal of Educational Research. 2020;8(5):1916–1925. doi:10.13189/ujer.2020.080528England T.K., Nagel G.L., Salter S.P. Using collaborative learning to develop students’ soft skills. Journal of Education for Business. 2020;95(2):106–114. doi:10.1080/08832323.2019.1599797England T.K., Nagel G.L., Salter S.P. Using collaborative learning to develop students’ soft skills. Journal of Education for Business. 2020;95(2):106–114. doi:10.1080/08832323.2019.1599797Белякова И.Е., Кечерукова М.А., Мурзина Ю.С. Креативность и эмоциональное благополучие студентов в период вынужденного дистанционного обучения: взаимосвязь явлений. Образование и наука. 2022;24(8):138–169. doi:10.17853/1994-5639-2022-8-138-169Belyakova I.E., Kecherukova М.А., Murzina Yu.S. Students’ creativity and well-being during the forced distance learning period: the correlation between variables. Obrazovanie i nauka = The Education and Science Journal. 2022;24(8):138–169. (In Russ.) doi:10.17853/1994-5639-2022-8-138-169Cardoso-Espinosa E.O., Cortés-Ruiz J.A., Zepeda-Hurtado M.E. The development of mathematics and soft skills at the graduate level through project-based learning in times of COVID-19. TEM Journal. 2021;10(4). doi:10.18421/TEM104-20Cardoso-Espinosa E.O., Cortés-Ruiz J.A., Zepeda-Hurtado M.E. The development of mathematics and soft skills at the graduate level through project-based learning in times of COVID-19. TEM Journal. 2021;10(4). doi:10.18421/TEM104-20Melin J.L., Correll S.J. Preventing soft skill decay among early-career women in STEM during COVID-19: Evidence from a longitudinal intervention. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2022;119(32). doi:10.1073/pnas.2123105119Melin J.L., Correll S.J. Preventing soft skill decay among early-career women in STEM during COVID-19: evidence from a longitudinal intervention. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2022;119(32). doi:10.1073/pnas.2123105119Ворсина Е.В., Снигирева Т.А. К вопросу о критериях сформированности компетенций. Образование и наука. 2012;1(10):67–78. doi:10.17853/1994-5639-2012-10-67-78Vorsina E.V., Snigireva T.A. For the question of the competence formation criteria. Obrazovanie i nauka = The Education and Science Journal. 2012;1(10):67–78. (In Russ.) doi:10.17853/1994-56392012-10-67-78Marin-Zapata S.I., Román-Calderón J.P., Robledo-Ardila C., Jaramillo-Serna M.A. Soft skills, do we know what we are talking about? Review of Managerial Science. 2022;16(4):969–1000. doi:10.1007/s11846-021-00474-9Marin-Zapata S.I., Román-Calderón J.P., Robledo-Ardila C., Jaramillo-Serna M.A. Soft skills, do we know what we are talking about? Review of Managerial Science. 2022;16(4):969–1000. doi:10.1007/s11846-021-00474-9Hadiyanto H., Noferdiman N., Moehamin M., Yuliusman Y. Assessing students and graduates soft skills, hard skills and competitiveness. People: International Journal of Social Sciences. 2017; 3(2):1885–1906. doi:10.20319/pijss.2017.32.18851906Hadiyanto H., Noferdiman N., Moehamin M., Yuliusman Y. Assessing students and graduates soft skills, hard skills and competitiveness. People: International Journal of Social Sciences. 2017;3(2):1885–1906. doi:10.20319/pijss.2017.32.18851906Tseng H., Yi X., Yeh H.T. Learning-related soft skills among online business students in higher education: Grade level and managerial role differences in self-regulation, motivation, and social skill. Computers in Human Behavior. 2019;95:79–186. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.035Tseng H., Yi X., Yeh H.T. Learning-related soft skills among online business students in higher education: grade level and managerial role differences in self-regulation, motivation, and social skill. Computers in Human Behavior. 2019;95:79–186. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.035Третьякова В.C., Кайгородова А.Е., Шаров А.А., Зеер Э.Ф. Базовые компоненты личностного ресурса, характеризующие персонифицированный субъект деятельности: исследование влияния на академическую успешность студента вуза. Science for Education Today. 2024;14:206– 230. doi:10.15293/2658-6762.2402.09Tretyakova V.S., Kaigorodova A.E., Sharov A.A., Zeer E.F. Basic components of a personal resource determining a personified subject of activity: the impact on university students’ academic achievement. Science for Education Today. 2024;14:206–230. (In Russ.) doi:10.15293/2658-6762.2402.09Бондарева Л.В., Потемкина Т.В., Саулембекова Г.С. Влияние «мягких» навыков на готовность к самостоятельному трудоустройству: опыт самооценки будущих инженеров. Высшее образование в России. 2021;(12):59–74. doi:10.31992/0869-3617-2021-30-12-59-74Bondareva LV., Potemkina T.V., Saulembekova G.S. The effect of soft skills on the successful employment of future engineers: self-evaluation results. Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia. 2021;(12):59–74. (In Russ.) doi:10.31992/0869-3617-2021-30-12-59-74Мирзоян А.Г., Суслова И.П., Говорова А.В. Связь «мягких» навыков с образовательными результатами в высших учебных заведениях на примере студентов бакалавриата направления «Менеджмент». Вопросы образования /Educational Studies Moscow. 2024;(4):151– 183. doi:10.17323/vo-2024-17879Mirzoyan A.G., Suslova I.P., Govorova A.V. Relationship between soft skills and academic outcomes in higher education: evidence from undergraduate management students. Voprosy obrazovaniya = Educational Studies Moscow. 2024;(4):151–183. (In Russ.) doi:10.17323/vo-2024-17879Jardim J., Pereira A., Vagos P., Direito I., Galinha S. The soft skills inventory: developmental procedures and psychometric analysis. Psychological Reports. 2022;125(1):620–648. doi:10.1177/0033294120979933Jardim J., Pereira A., Vagos P., Direito I., Galinha S. The soft skills inventory: developmental procedures and psychometric analysis. Psychological Reports. 2022;125(1):620–648. doi:10.1177/0033294120979933Cimatti B. Definition, development, assessment of soft skills and their role for the quality of organizations and enterprises. International Journal for Quality Research. 2016;10(1). doi:10.18421/IJQR10.01-05Cimatti B. Definition, development, assessment of soft skills and their role for the quality of organizations and enterprises. International Journal for Quality Research. 2016;10(1). doi:10.18421/IJQR10.01-05Md-Ali R., Shaffie F., Yusof F.M. Public university educators’ understanding and conception of soft skills for educators. International Review of Management and Marketing. 2016;6(7).Md-Ali R., Shaffie F., Yusof F.M. Public university educators’ understanding and conception of soft skills for educators. International Review of Management and Marketing. 2016;6(7).Ritter B.A., Small E.E., Mortimer J.W., Dol J.L. Designing management curriculum for workplace readiness: developing students’ soft skills. Journal of Management education. 2018;42(1):80–103. doi:10.1177/1052562917703679Ritter B.A., Small E.E., Mortimer J.W., Dol J.L. Designing management curriculum for workplace readiness: developing students’ soft skills. Journal of Management Education. 2018;42(1):80–103. doi:10.1177/1052562917703679Сырямкина Е.Г., Румянцева Т.Б., Ливенцова Е.Ю. Практика развития надпрофессиональных компетенций студентов в современном университете. Образование и наука. 2016;(7):117–135. doi:10.17853/1994-5639-2016-7-117-135Syryamkina E.G., Rumyantseva T.B., Liventsova E.Yu. Practice of development of students’ additional interdisciplinary competencies in a modern university. Obrazovanie i nauka = The Education and Science Journal. 2016;(7):117–135. (In Russ.) doi:10.17853/1994-5639-2016-7-117-135Казун А.П., Пастухова Л.С. Практики применения проектного метода обучения: опыт разных стран. Образование и наука. 2018;20(2):32–59. doi:10.17853/1994-5639-2018-2-32-59Kazun A.P., Pastukhova L.S. The practices of project-based learning technique application: experience of different countries. Obrazovanie i nauka = The Education and Science Journal. 2018;20(2):32– 59. (In Russ.) doi:10.17853/1994-5639-2018-2-32-59Мазниченко М.А., Папазян Г.С. Педагогические условия личностного и профессионального роста студентов в контексте волонтерской деятельности. Высшее образование в России. 2018;(2):103–113.Maznichenko M.M., Papazyan G.S. Pedagogical conditions of students’ personal and professional growth of in the context of volunteer activities. Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia. 2018;(2):103–113. (In Russ.)

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.