<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">edscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Образование и наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Education and science journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5639</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-5828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RSVPU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17853/1994-5639-2026-2-166-190</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">edscience-4867</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В ОБРАЗОВАНИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние динамической обратной связи на эффективность ИИ-тьютора</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The impact of dynamic feedback on AI tutor performance</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4289-8759</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эль-Гуниди</surname><given-names>Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>El Gounidi</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рокая Эль Гуниди – докторант лаборатории математики, искусственного интеллекта и цифрового обучения (MIND-LAB) кафедры компьютерных наук и педагогики ; инженер по образовательным технологиям, учитель начальной школы Министерстванационального образования</p><p>Касабланка</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rokaya El Gounidi – Doctoral Candidate, Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence, and Digital Learning Laboratory (MIND-LAB), Department of Computer Science and Educational Science;  Primary School Teacher, Ministry of National Education</p><p>Casablanca</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rokayaelgounidi@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5088-2369</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шафик</surname><given-names>Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chafiq</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Надя Шафик – профессор-исследователь лаборатории математики, искусственного интеллекта и цифрового обучения (MIND-LAB) кафедры компьютерных наук и педагогики</p><p>Касабланка</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadia Chafiq – Professor-Researcher, Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence, and Digital Learning Laboratory (MIND-LAB), Department of Computer Science and Educational Science</p><p>Casablanca</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nadia_chafiq@yahoo.fr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4837-2394</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Газуани</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ghazouani</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мохамед Газуани – профессор-исследователь кафедры компьютерных наук</p><p>Касабланка</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mohamed Ghazouani – Professor-Researcher, Computer Sciences Department</p><p>Casablanca</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ghazouani_mohamed@yahoo.fr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0412-5148</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мунди</surname><given-names>К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moundy</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Камаль Мунди – профессор-исследователь лаборатории математики, искусственного интеллекта и цифрового обучения (MIND-LAB) кафедры компьютерных наук и педагогики</p><p>Касабланка</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kamal Moundy – Professor-Researcher, Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence, and Digital Learning Laboratory (MIND-LAB), Department of Computer Science and Educational Science</p><p>Casablanca</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kamal.moundy-etu@etu.univh2c.ma</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1183-9143</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чауки</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chaouki</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абдельлатиф Чауки – аспирант (искусственный интеллект и анализ данных) </p><p>Дублин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Abdellatif Chaouki – Postgraduate Student (Artificial Intelligence and Data Analysis)</p><p>Dublin</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abdellatif.chaouki10@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Хасана II в Касабланке</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Hassan II University of Casablanca</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>CCT College Dublin</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>CCT College Dublin</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>166</fpage><lpage>190</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Эль-Гуниди Р., Шафик Н., Газуани М., Мунди К., Чауки А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эль-Гуниди Р., Шафик Н., Газуани М., Мунди К., Чауки А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">El Gounidi R., Chafiq N., Ghazouani M., Moundy K., Chaouki A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/4867">https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/4867</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Поведенчески-адаптивные системы искусственного интеллекта демонстрируют потенциал в обеспечении своевременной учебной поддержки. Тем не менее ключевой аспект их функционирования – динамическое переключение поведенческих моделей на основе анализа потоковых данных от учащихся в реальном времени  – остается областью, требующей дальнейшего исследования. Целью данного исследования является оценка влияния прозрачной политики переключения, основанной на анализе тональности высказываний и времени ответа, на вовлеченность, доверие и академические результаты учащихся, а также изучение ее воздействия на временные параметры ответов и эмоциональную тональность коммуникации. Методология, методы и методики. Авторы провели рандомизированное исследование в условиях реального учебного процесса с участием 80 студентов в рамках 45-минутного занятия. В ходе эксперимента сравнивался тьютор с динамической сменой ролей и базовый тьютор с фиксированной ролью. Для оценки результатов использовались: пятибалльная шкала вовлечённости, пятибалльная шкала доверия, десятибалльный предметный тест до и после обучения, время ответа системы на уровне логов, а также тональность каждого сообщения, определяемая трансформерным классификатором по шкале от -1 до +1. Алгоритм смены ролей был следующим: при скользящем среднем значении тональности ≤ -0,30 тьютор переключался в роль «Эмпатичный наставник»; при времени ответа &gt; 10 секунд активировалась роль «Рациональный гид»; в остальных случаях сохранялась роль «Нейтральный инструктор». После смены роли действовал период «охлаждения» длиной в один ход, а возврат к нейтральной роли происходил после двух последовательных стабильных ходов. Результаты и научная новизна. Авторы предложили проверяемый алгоритм переключения ролей, который сочетает анализ эмоционального состояния обучающегося и времени его реакции для выбора оптимальной стратегии взаимодействия в реальном времени. Эффективность данного подхода была подтверждена в условиях реального учебного процесса. Практическая значимость. Данный подход представляет собой готовое решение для внедрения адаптивного обучения в условиях реального учебного процессах. Его преимущества – простые правила, низкие вычислительные затраты и прозрачная система аудита.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Behavioural adaptive AI systems demonstrate significant potential in providing timely learning support. However, a key aspect of their operation, dynamically switching behavioural patterns based on real-time analysis of streaming data from learners, remains an area requiring further research. Aim. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of a transparent switching policy, based on sentiment and response latency, on student engagement, trust, and academic outcomes, as well as to examine its effect on response latency and expressed sentiment. Methodology and research methods. The authors conducted a randomised, real-world study involving 80 students during a 45-minute session. The experiment compared a dynamic-persona tutor with a fixed-persona baseline tutor. To evaluate the results, the following measures were used: a five-item engagement scale, a five-item trust scale, a curriculum-aligned ten-item pre- and post-knowledge test, log-level tutor-to-learner response latency, and message-level sentiment analysis mapped by a transformer classifier onto a polarity scale ranging from -1 to +1. The role-change algorithm operated as follows: if the rolling mean of sentiment was at or below -0.30, the tutor adopted the role of Empathic Coach; if response latency exceeded ten seconds, the tutor assumed the role of Rational Guide; in all other cases, the tutor remained a Neutral Instructor. Following a role change, there was a one-turn “cooldown” period, and a return to the neutral role occurred after two consecutive stable interactions. Results and scientific novelty. The authors developed a testable role-switching algorithm that selects the optimal interaction strategy in real-time by analysing the learner’s emotional state and response latency. The efficacy of this approach was confirmed in a real-world educational setting. Practical significance. This approach provides a ready-made solution for implementing adaptive learning in real-world educational settings. Its advantages include simple rules, low computational costs, and a transparent auditing system.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>интеллектуальные системы обучения</kwd><kwd>динамическое переключение личностей</kwd><kwd>аффективные вычисления</kwd><kwd>анализ тональности текста</kwd><kwd>время отклика</kwd><kwd>вовлеченность учащихся</kwd><kwd>доверие к автоматизации</kwd><kwd>результаты обучения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>intelligent tutoring systems</kwd><kwd>dynamic persona switching</kwd><kwd>affective computing</kwd><kwd>sentiment analysis</kwd><kwd>response latency</kwd><kwd>learner engagement</kwd><kwd>trust in automation</kwd><kwd>learning outcomes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lacárcel A.M. Artificial intelligence in education as a means to personalize learning. In: Handbook of Research on Artificial Intelligence in Government Practices and Processes. IGI Global Scientific Publishing; 2022:285–308. doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-9609-8.ch016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lacárcel A.M. Artificial intelligence in education as a means to personalize learning. In: Handbook of Research on Artificial Intelligence in Government Practices and Processes. IGI Global Scientific Publishing; 2022:285–308. doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-9609-8.ch016</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khazanchi R., Khazanchi P. Artificial intelligence in education: a closer look into intelligent tutoring systems. In: Singh A., Yeh C.J., Blanchard S., Anunciação L., eds. Handbook of Research on Criti cal Issues in Special Education for School Rehabilitation Practices. Information Science Reference/IGI Global; 2021:256–277. doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-7630-4.CH014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khazanchi R., Khazanchi P. Artificial intelligence in education: a closer look into intelligent tutoring systems. In: Singh A., Yeh C.J., Blanchard S., Anunciação L., eds. Handbook of Research on Criti cal Issues in Special Education for School Rehabilitation Practices. Information Science Reference/IGI Global; 2021:256–277. doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-7630-4.CH014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim W., Kim J.-H. Individualized AI tutor based on developmental learning networks. IEEE Access. 2020;8:35862–35873. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2972167</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim W., Kim J.-H. Individualized AI tutor based on developmental learning networks. IEEE Access. 2020;8:35862–35873. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2972167</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kokku R., Sundararajan S., Dey P., Sindhgatta R., Nitta S.V., Sengupta B. Augmenting classrooms with AI for personalized education. In: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). Calgary, AB, Canada; 2018:6976–6980. doi:10.1109/ICASSP.2018.8461812</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kokku R., Sundararajan S., Dey P., Sindhgatta R., Nitta S.V., Sengupta B. Augmenting classrooms with AI for personalized education. In: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). Calgary, AB, Canada; 2018:6976–6980. doi:10.1109/ICASSP.2018.8461812</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karahasanovic A., Følstad A., Schittekat P. Putting a face on algorithms: personas for modeling artificial intelligence. In: Degen H., Ntoa S., eds. Artificial Intelligence in HCI. HCII 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 12797. Cham: Springer; 2021:229–240. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77772-2_15</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karahasanovic A., Følstad A., Schittekat P. Putting a face on algorithms: personas for modeling artificial intelligence. In: Degen H., Ntoa S., eds. Artificial Intelligence in HCI. HCII 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 12797. Cham: Springer; 2021:229–240. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-77772-2_15</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drobnjak A., Boticki I., Seow P., Kahn K. Learning with conversational AI and personas: a systematic literature review. In: International Conference on Computers in Education. 2023. doi:10.58459/icce.2023.1390</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drobnjak A., Boticki I., Seow P., Kahn K. Learning with conversational AI and personas: a systematic literature review. In: International Conference on Computers in Education. 2023. doi:10.58459/icce.2023.1390</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vieriu A.M., Petrea G. The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on students’ academic development. Education Sciences. 2025;15:343. doi:10.3390/educsci15030343</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vieriu A.M., Petrea G. The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on students’ academic development. Education Sciences. 2025;15:343. doi:10.3390/educsci15030343</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bassner P., Frankford E., Krusche S. Iris: an AI-driven virtual tutor for computer science education. In: ITiCSE 2024: Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education. 2024;1:394–400. doi:10.1145/3649217.3653543</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bassner P., Frankford E., Krusche S. Iris: an AI-driven virtual tutor for computer science education. In: ITiCSE 2024: Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education. 2024;1:394–400. doi:10.1145/3649217.3653543</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sangkala I., Sulaymanova Mardonovna N. Artificial intelligence as a personalized tutor in language learning: a systematic review. Klasikal: Journal OF Education, Language Teaching AND Science. 2024;6(2):565–576. doi:10.52208/klasikal.v6i2.1193</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sangkala I., Sulaymanova Mardonovna N. Artificial intelligence as a personalized tutor in language learning: a systematic review. Klasikal: Journal OF Education, Language Teaching AND Science. 2024;6(2):565–576. doi:10.52208/klasikal.v6i2.1193</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zulpykhar Z., Kariyeva K., Sadvakassova A., Zhilmagambetova R., Nariman S. Assessing the effectiveness of personalized adaptive learning in teaching mathematics at the college level. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP). 2025;15(4):4–22. doi:10.3991/ijep.v15i4.52797</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zulpykhar Z., Kariyeva K., Sadvakassova A., Zhilmagambetova R., Nariman S. Assessing the effectiveness of personalized adaptive learning in teaching mathematics at the college level. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP). 2025;15(4):4–22. doi:10.3991/ijep.v15i4.52797</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fernández-Herrero J. Evaluating recent advances in affective intelligent tutoring systems: A scoping review of educational impacts and future prospects. Education Sciences. 2024;14(8):839. doi:10.3390/educsci14080839</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fernández-Herrero J. Evaluating recent advances in affective intelligent tutoring systems: A scoping review of educational impacts and future prospects. Education Sciences. 2024;14(8):839. doi:10.3390/educsci14080839</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yuvaraj R. Affective computing for learning in education. Education Sciences. 2025;15(1):65. doi:10.3390/educsci15010065</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuvaraj R. Affective computing for learning in education. Education Sciences. 2025;15(1):65. doi:10.3390/educsci15010065</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ilić J., Ivanović M., Klašnja-Milićević A. The impact of intelligent tutoring systems and artificial intelligence on students’ motivation and achievement in STEM education: a systematic review. Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Computer Science. 2024;1(2):5–18. doi:10.5937/JESMAC2402005I</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilić J., Ivanović M., Klašnja-Milićević A. The impact of intelligent tutoring systems and artificial intelligence on students’ motivation and achievement in STEM education: a systematic review. Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Computer Science. 2024;1(2):5–18. doi:10.5937/JESMAC2402005I</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fredricks J.A., Blumenfeld P.C., Paris A.H. School engagement: potential of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research. 2004:74(1):59–109. doi:10.3102/00346543074001059</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fredricks J.A., Blumenfeld P.C., Paris A.H. School engagement: potential of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research. 2004:74(1):59–109. doi:10.3102/00346543074001059</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee J.D., See K.A. Trust in automation: designing for appropriate reliance. Human Factors. 2004:46(1):50–80. doi:10.1518/hfes.46.1.50_30392</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee J.D., See K.A. Trust in automation: designing for appropriate reliance. Human Factors. 2004:46(1):50–80. doi:10.1518/hfes.46.1.50_30392</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gomes D. A comprehensive study of advancements in intelligent tutoring systems through artificial intelligent education platforms. In: Moreira F., Teles R., eds. Improving Student Assessment With Emerging AI Tools. IGI Global Scientific Publishing; 2025:213–244. doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-6170-2.ch008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gomes D. A comprehensive study of advancements in intelligent tutoring systems through artificial intelligent education platforms. In: Moreira F., Teles R., eds. Improving Student Assessment With Emerging AI Tools. IGI Global Scientific Publishing; 2025:213–244. doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-6170-2.ch008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gan W., Sun Y., Ye S., Fan Y., Sun Y. AI-tutor: generating tailored remedial questions and answers based on cognitive diagnostic assessment. In: 2019 6th International Conference on Behavioral, Economic and Socio-Cultural Computing (BESC). Beijing, China; 2019:1–6. doi:10.1109/BESC48373.2019.8963236</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gan W., Sun Y., Ye S., Fan Y., Sun Y. AI-tutor: generating tailored remedial questions and answers based on cognitive diagnostic assessment. In: 2019 6th International Conference on Behavioral, Economic and Socio-Cultural Computing (BESC). Beijing, China; 2019:1–6. doi:10.1109/BESC48373.2019.8963236</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Makharia R., Kim Y.C., Su B., Kim M.A., Jain A., Agarwal P., et al. AI tutor enhanced with prompt engineering and deep knowledge tracing. In: 2024 IEEE International Conference on Interdisciplinary Approaches in Technology and Management for Social Innovation (IATMSI). Gwalior, India; 2024:1–6. doi:10.1109/IATMSI60426.2024.10503187</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makharia R., Kim Y.C., Su B., Kim M.A., Jain A., Agarwal P., et al. AI tutor enhanced with prompt engineering and deep knowledge tracing. In: 2024 IEEE International Conference on Interdisciplinary Approaches in Technology and Management for Social Innovation (IATMSI). Gwalior, India; 2024:1–6. doi:10.1109/IATMSI60426.2024.10503187</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen X., Xie H., Hwang G.-J. A multi-perspective study on artificial intelligence in education: grants, conferences, journals, software tools, institutions, and researchers. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence. 2020;1:100005. doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2020.100005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen X., Xie H., Hwang G.-J. A multi-perspective study on artificial intelligence in education: grants, conferences, journals, software tools, institutions, and researchers. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence. 2020;1:100005. doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2020.100005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wolf T., Debut L., Sanh V., Chaumond J., Delangue C., Moi A., et al. Transformers: state-of-the-art natural language processing. In: Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations. Association for Computational Linguistics; 2020:38– 45. doi:10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-demos.6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wolf T., Debut L., Sanh V., Chaumond J., Delangue C., Moi A., et al. Transformers: state-of-the-art natural language processing. In: Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations. Association for Computational Linguistics; 2020:38– 45. doi:10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-demos.6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belkina M., Daniel S., Nikolic S., Haque R., Lyden S., Neal P., et al. Implementing generative AI (GenAI) in higher education: a systematic review of case studies. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence. 2025;8:100407. doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100407</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belkina M., Daniel S., Nikolic S., Haque R., Lyden S., Neal P., et al. Implementing generative AI (GenAI) in higher education: a systematic review of case studies. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence. 2025;8:100407. doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100407</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lata P. Beyond algorithms: humanizing artificial intelligence for personalized and adaptive learning. International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering and Management. 2024;11(5):40–47. doi:10.55524/ijirem.2024.11.5.6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lata P. Beyond algorithms: humanizing artificial intelligence for personalized and adaptive learning. International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering and Management. 2024;11(5):40–47. doi:10.55524/ijirem.2024.11.5.6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bibauw S., François T., Desmet P. Dialogue systems for language learning: chatbots and beyond. In: Ziegler N., González-Lloret M., eds. The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Technology. Routledge; 2023:121–134. doi:10.4324/9781351117586-12</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bibauw S., François T., Desmet P. Dialogue systems for language learning: chatbots and beyond. In: Ziegler N., González-Lloret M., eds. The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Technology. Routledge; 2023:121–134. doi:10.4324/9781351117586-12</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baumgart A., Mamlouk A.M. A Knowledge-model for AI-driven tutoring systems. In: Tropmann-Frick M., Thalheim B., Jaakkola H., Kiyoki Y., Yoshida N., eds. Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XXXIII (Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, Vol. 343). IOS Press; 2022:1–18. doi:10.3233/FAIA210474</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baumgart A., Mamlouk A.M. A Knowledge-model for AI-driven tutoring systems. In: Tropmann-Frick M., Thalheim B., Jaakkola H., Kiyoki Y., Yoshida N., eds. Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XXXIII (Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, Vol. 343). IOS Press; 2022:1–18. doi:10.3233/FAIA210474</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sparks J.R., Lehman B., Zapata-Rivera D. Caring assessments: challenges and opportunities. Frontiers in Education. 2024;9:1216481. doi:10.3389/feduc.2024.1216481</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sparks J.R., Lehman B., Zapata-Rivera D. Caring assessments: challenges and opportunities. Frontiers in Education. 2024;9:1216481. doi:10.3389/feduc.2024.1216481</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim B., Research A.I., Suh H., Heo J., Choi Y. AI-driven interface design for intelligent tutoring system improves student engagement. arXiv preprint arXiv:2009.08976. 2020. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2009.08976</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim B., Research A.I., Suh H., Heo J., Choi Y. AI-driven interface design for intelligent tutoring system improves student engagement. arXiv preprint arXiv:2009.08976. 2020. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2009.08976</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Braun V., Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology. 2006;3(2):77–101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Braun V., Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology. 2006;3(2):77–101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">El Gounidi R., Chafiq N., Talbi M., Zahar O. Evaluating the impact of metaverse integration on academic performance and engagement in primary education: a case study of Medersat.com Bouskoura. In: Ireland International Conference on Education (IICE-2024). Dublin, Ireland; 2024. doi:10.20533/iice.2024.10.0017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">El Gounidi R., Chafiq N., Talbi M., Zahar O. Evaluating the impact of metaverse integration on academic performance and engagement in primary education: a case study of Medersat.com Bouskoura. In: Ireland International Conference on Education (IICE-2024). Dublin, Ireland; 2024. doi:10.20533/iice.2024.10.0017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
