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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">edscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Образование и наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Education and science journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5639</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-5828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RSVPU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17853/1994-5639-2026-4487</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">edscience-4931</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В ОБРАЗОВАНИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN EDUCATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Психолингвистические и возрастные факторы в изучении иностранного языка: мета-анализ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psycholinguistic and age factors in foreign language learning: a meta-analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1438-9104</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спасова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Spasova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Спасова Любомира Венкова – старший преподаватель экономического факультета</p><p>Стара-Загора</p><p>ResearcherID GYJ-1692-2022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyubomira Venkova Spasova – Chief Assistant Professor, Faculty of Economics</p><p>Stara Zagora</p><p>ResearcherID GYJ-1692-2022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lyubomira.spasova@trakia-uni.bg</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тракийский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Trakia University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>141</fpage><lpage>167</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Спасова Л.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Спасова Л.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Spasova L.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/4931">https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/4931</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Современные исследования в области усвоения второго/иностранного языка (L2) интегрируют когнитивные, аффективные и социокультурные факторы. Однако вариативность полученных результатов обусловлена методологической неоднородностью и возрастными различиями обучающихся. Цель исследования – систематизация эмпирических данных о влиянии рабочей памяти (РП), исполнительных функций (ИФ), мотивации, эмоционального интеллекта и тревожности на успешность овладения L2 в различных возрастных группах, а также выявление модераторов, связанных с типом задач и контекстом обучения. Методология, методы и методики. В соответствии с принципами PRISMA проведен систематический обзор и метаанализ исследований (2000 – сентябрь 2025 г.) на основе баз данных Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO и Google Scholar. Критерием включения служило наличие количественной оценки связи хотя бы одного из указанных психолингвистических факторов с результативностью в L2. Применялись модели со случайными эффектами (REML), оценка гетерогенности (Q, τ², I²), тест Эггера для анализа систематической ошибки и метод «trim-and-fill». В анализ модераторов включены возраст, тип языковой задачи и контекст (ESL/EFL/языковая среда). Результаты. Из 1246 публикаций критериям соответствовали 38 исследований. Установлены устойчивые корреляции успешности в L2 с РП (r ≈ 0,54) и ИФ (d ≈ 0,46), положительные связи с мотивацией (r ≈ 0,32) и эмоциональным интеллектом (r ≈ 0,29), а также отрицательная связь с тревожностью (r ≈ -0,25). Эффекты усиливались при выполнении лексических заданий и заданий на чтение, в контекстах ESL и языковой среды, а также среди молодых взрослых. У обучающихся старше 60 лет зафиксированы значимые, но более вариативные улучшения. Научная новизна. Выявлены предметно-специфические и возрастно-обусловленные механизмы связи РП/ИФ с результатами овладения L2. Впервые количественно оценены методологические модераторы, связанные с дизайном исследований. Практическая значимость. Результаты обосновывают необходимость разработки возрастнои контекстно-ориентированных методик, сочетающих focus-on-form с развитием ИФ/РП и регуляцией тревожности, с применением адаптивных технологий, особенно для обучения старших возрастных групп.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Contemporary research in second or foreign language (L2) acquisition integrates cognitive, affective, and sociocultural factors. However, variability in findings arises from methodological heterogeneity and differences in learner age. Aim. The present study aimed to systematise empirical data on the influence of working memory (WM), executive functions (EF), motivation, emotional intelligence, and anxiety on L2 acquisition success across different age groups, and to identify moderators related to task type and learning context. Methodology and research methods. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published from 2000 to September 2025 was conducted using the Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar databases. The inclusion criterion was the presence of a quantitative assessment of the relationship between at least one specified psycholinguistic factor and L2 performance. Random-effects models (REML), heterogeneity assessments (Q, τ², I²), Egger’s test for bias detection, and the trim-and-fill method were applied. Age, type of language task, and context (ESL/EFL/language environment) were included in the moderator analysis. Results. Out of 1,246 publications, 38 studies met the criteria. Strong correlations were found between L2 success and WM (r ≈ 0.54) and EF (d ≈ 0.46), as well as positive associations with motivation (r ≈ 0.32) and emotional intelligence (r ≈ 0.29). A negative correlation was observed with anxiety (r ≈ -0.25). These effects were more pronounced for lexical and reading tasks, in English as a Second Language (ESL) and language immersion contexts, and among young adults. For learners over 60, significant but more variable improvements were noted. Scientific novelty. Subject-specific and age-dependent mechanisms linking WM/EF to L2 outcomes have been identified. Methodological moderators related to research design have been quantitatively assessed for the first time. Practical significance. The results underscore the necessity of developing ageand context-specific methodologies that integrate a focus on form with the enhancement of EF/WM and anxiety regulation, utilising adaptive technologies – particularly for teaching older age groups.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>усвоение второго языка</kwd><kwd>рабочая память</kwd><kwd>исполнительные функции</kwd><kwd>мотивация</kwd><kwd>эмоциональный интеллект</kwd><kwd>тревожность</kwd><kwd>метаанализ</kwd><kwd>старение</kwd><kwd>когнитивный резерв</kwd><kwd>английский как второй / иностранный язык</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>second language acquisition</kwd><kwd>working memory</kwd><kwd>executive functions</kwd><kwd>motivation</kwd><kwd>emotional intelligence</kwd><kwd>anxiety</kwd><kwd>meta-analysis</kwd><kwd>ageing</kwd><kwd>cognitive reserve</kwd><kwd>ESL/EFL</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bialysto E. 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