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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">edscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Образование и наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Education and science journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5639</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-5828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RSVPU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17853/1994-5639-2015-10-20-38</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">edscience-531</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ РАБОЧЕЙ ПАМЯТИ: ЭФФЕКТ «ПЕРЕГРУЗКИ»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN WORKING MEMORY PERFORMANCE: «OVERLOAD» EFFECT</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлов</surname><given-names>Юрий Геннадьевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlov</surname><given-names>Yuri G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры клинической психологии и психофизиологии</p><p>научный сотрудник Института медицинской психологии и поведенческой нейробиологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Teaching Assistant, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychophysiology</p><p>Research Staff Member, Institute of Medical Psychology andBehavioral Neurobiology</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pavlovug@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Уральский федеральный университет, Екатеринбург (РФ)&#13;
&#13;
Университет Тюбингена, Тюбинген (Германия).<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg (RF)&#13;
&#13;
University of Tubingen, Tubingen (Germany)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Павлов Ю.Г., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Павлов Ю.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pavlov Y.G.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/531">https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/531</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель изложенной в публикации работы – исследование индивидуальных особенностей продуктивной рабочей памяти человека и влияния на нее динамики среднелобного тета-ритма.</p><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Автором в ходе эксперимента использовались поведенческое тестирование на основе программы для предъявления стимулов и регистрации ответов «PsyTask»; метод ЭЭГ (электроэнцефалография); методика измерения продуктивности рабочей памяти; сравнительный анализ. При обработке данных применялись программные пакеты EEGLab для Matlab и Fieldtrip.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По результатам поведенческого тестирования было выделено две группы испытуемых: с «высокопродуктивной» и «низкопродуктивной» памятью. Участникам эксперимента – студентам и сотрудникам Уральского федерального университета и курсантам Уральского юридического института МВД – предлагался специально подготовленный авторский комплект заданий, сложность которых варьировалась от средней до сверхвысокой. Задания на выявление показателей и особенностей рабочей памяти включали в себя пробы с непосредственным запоминанием вербальных стимулов, а также пробы с мысленными манипуляциями стимульным материалом. Замеряемые характеристики тета-ритма ЭЭГ во время удержания информации в памяти сравнивались у представителей двух групп. Полученные данные показали относительно равномерную и схожую динамику снижения количества правильных ответов по мере увеличения сложности заданий. Однако изменения тета-ритма в разных группах имели резко выраженные различия. У «высокопродуктивных» испытуемых зафиксировано планомерное увеличение мощности тета-ритма в центральных отведениях со стабилизацией на самых трудных заданиях; у «низкопродуктивных» – после достижения максимальной активации тета-ритма при выполнении заданий средней сложности наблюдалось резкое падение его активности.</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна. На большой выборке (102 человека) продемонстрированы ЭЭГ-корреляты эффекта «перегрузки» памяти при достижении индивидуального порога возможностей по удержанию информации и манипуляции ею в рабочей памяти.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость. Актуальность работы связана со все увеличивающимися нагрузками на память человека в современном информационном обществе. Исследование механизмов, управляющих памятью, особенно важно для выяснения возможностей учащихся постоянно пополнять свои знания и самостоятельно решать различные когнитивные задачи, включая планирование, ориентацию в вербальном пространстве, мысленное манипулирование объектами и др.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this research is to study the relationship betweenfrontal midline theta rhythm changes and individual differences in working memory performance.</p><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The methods involve behavioural testing on the basis of the program for a presentation of stimulus and registration of answers «PsyTask»; method of EEG (electroencephalography); a technique of measurement of efficiency of working memory; the comparative analysis. Software packages EEGLab for Matlab and Fieldtrip are applied while data processing.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. After the behavioral test all subjects were separated into 2 groups according to their performance: with «highly productive» and «low productive» memory. Specially prepared author’s complete set of the tasks which complexity varied from average to ultrahigh level was offered to participants of experiment –students and employees of the Ural Federal University and Ural Legal Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Working memory tasks included sets of verbal stimuli for memorizing in strict order without any mental manipulation and sets of similar stimuli for memorizing in alphabetical order (with manipulations). Measured characteristics of theta-rhythm of EEG during information deduction in memory were compared of two groups’ representatives. The obtained data has shown rather uniform and similar dynamics of decrease in quantity of right answers in process of increasing tasks’ complexity. However, changes of a thetarhythm in different groups had sharply expressed distinctions. «Highly productive» examinees have systematic expansion of a theta-rhythm in the central assignments with stabilisation on the most difficult tasks; «low productive» – while tasks performance of average complexity, a sharp falling of theta-rhythm activity is observed after achievement of its maximum activation.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientific novelty</title><p>Scientific novelty. The working memory «overload» effect and its EEG correlates are demonstrated on a big sample of subjects.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance. The work urgency is connected with increasing loadings for memory of the person in a modern information society. Research of the operating memory mechanisms is especially important for finding-out of pupils’ possibilities to renew their knowledge and independently solve various cognitive problems, including planning, orientation in verbal space, a mental manipulation objects, etc.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ЭЭГ</kwd><kwd>среднелобный тета-ритм</kwd><kwd>эффект перегрузки</kwd><kwd>рабочая память</kwd><kwd>управляющие механизмы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>EEG (electroencephalography)</kwd><kwd>frontal midline theta</kwd><kwd>overloads effect</kwd><kwd>working memory</kwd><kwd>operating mechanism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aftanas L. I., Golocheikine S. A. 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(Translated from English)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
