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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">edscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Образование и наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Education and science journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5639</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-5828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RSVPU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">edscience-5530</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Неявное знание в профессиональном образовании: постановка проблемы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Tacit knowledge in professional education: a problem statement</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3455-6560</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кларин</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klarin</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кларин Михаил Владимирович – доктор педагогических наук, член-корреспондент Российской академии образования, научный руководитель Центра дидактики профессионального образования</p><p>ResearcherID N-9135-2015</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail V. Klarin – Dr. Sci. (Education), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Education, Academic Director of the Centre for Didactics of Professional Education</p><p>ResearcherID N-9135-2015</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">consult@klarin.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский городской педагогический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Принято в печать</issue-title><elocation-id>5530</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кларин М.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кларин М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Klarin M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/5530">https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/5530</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. В современной теории профессионального образования доминируют подходы, ориентированные на операционализируемое и стандартизируемое знание и компетенции, тогда как значительная часть профессионального опыта, тонких способов действия, критериев практического суждения и механизмов передачи мастерства укоренена в знании другого типа. Неявное, неартикулированное знание составляет сущностное ядро профессионального мастерства, оставаясь при этом почти невидимым для теории профессионального образования. Этот слой знания, фундамент высшего уровня профессиональной квалификации, остается недостаточно разработанным в дидактике, что становится особенно проблематичным в условиях цифровизации, распространения искусственного интеллекта, усиления практико-ориентированного обучения, развития высшей школы, СПО, дополнительного профессионального образования, корпоративных университетов. Цель – разработать проблемную рамку исследования неявного знания в профессиональном образовании как особого слоя содержания образования, профессионального опыта и образовательной практики. Методология, методы и методики. Проблемно-ориентированный аналитический обзор русскоязычных и англоязычных публикаций 1990–2026 годов по тематике неявного знания (tacit knowledge, T-knowledge), профессионального образования, высшей школы, корпоративного образования, наставничества, модели SECI и ИИ в образовании, а также авторские материалы по дидактическому дизайну корпоративного образования. Аналитическая рамка: сочетание феноменолого-эпистемологической традиции М. Полани и организационно-эпистемологической модели SECI и понятия Ba. Сопоставительный анализ по четырем предметным областям профессионального образования: медицинской, инженерной, управленческо-педагогической и цифровой/AI-опосредованной. Результаты и научная новизна. Показано, что проблема неявного знания в профессиональном образовании имеет три взаимосвязанных измерения: онтологическое – как невербализованный слой профессионального опыта и предметного содержания; дидактическое – как ресурс проектирования, реализации и освоения профессионального образования; институциональное – как процесс передачи, утраты, накопления и экстернализации в университетских и корпоративных средах. Выделены шесть основных форматов включения неявного знания в профессиональное образование: включение в профессионально значимую деятельность, наставничество, наблюдение за действием эксперта, анализ критических случаев, рефлексивная частичная экспликация опыта, сообщества практики. Для каждого формата описаны дидактические функции, условия продуктивности и риски. Выделены основные перспективные линии дидактических исследований Т-знания: исследования возможностей экстернализации Т-знания в цифровой среде и с помощью генеративного ИИ; изучение наставничества как механизма передачи неявных компонентов профессионального мастерства; адаптация модели SECI и понятия Ba к образовательным организациям; изучение барьеров артикуляции профессионального опыта. Предложен новый дидактический принцип профессионального образования: принцип включения неявного знания в содержание профессионального образования и процесс обучения. Даны операциональное выражение принципа, его нормативное содержание и индикаторы реализации для программ, процесса обучения, оценивания и подготовки преподавателей. Неявное знание перенесено с периферии философии познания и корпоративной практики управления знаниями (knowledge management) в область дидактики профессионального образования. Предложено рассматривать Т-знание не только как характеристику индивидуального мастерства преподавателя, но и как компонент содержания профессионального образования, а также как объект дидактического анализа в едином поле высшего и корпоративного образования. Практическая значимость. Результаты могут использоваться при разработке программ профессионального и дополнительного профессионального образования, моделей наставничества, программ развития преподавателей и экспертов, а также при проектировании средств экспликации опыта в цифровых образовательных средах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Contemporary theories of professional education are dominated by approaches focused on operationalisable and standardisable knowledge and competencies. However, a substantial part of professional experience – including subtle modes of action, criteria for practical judgement, and mechanisms for transmitting mastery – is rooted in a different type of knowledge. Tacit, unarticulated knowledge constitutes the essential core of professional mastery, yet it remains almost invisible within professional education theory. This layer of knowledge – the foundation of the highest level of professional qualification – remains insufficiently developed in didactics. This shortcoming becomes particularly problematic in the context of digitalisation, the spread of artificial intelligence, the strengthening of practice-oriented learning, and the development of higher education, continuing professional education, and corporate universities. Aim. The present study aims to develop a problem framework for studying tacit knowledge in professional education, considering it as a distinct layer of educational content, professional experience, and educational practice. Methodology and research methods. This problem-oriented analytical review examines Russian- and English-language publications from 1990 to 2026 on tacit knowledge (T-knowledge), professional education, higher education, corporate education, mentoring, the SECI model, and artificial intelligence (AI) in education, alongside the author’s own materials on the didactic design of corporate education. The analytical framework integrates M. Polanyi’s phenomenological-epistemological tradition with the organisational-epistemological SECI model and the concept of Ba. A comparative analysis was conducted across four areas of professional education: medical, engineering, management and teacher education, and digital/AI-mediated contexts. Results and scientific novelty. This study demonstrates that the problem of tacit knowledge in professional education encompasses three interrelated dimensions: ontological – as an unarticulated layer of professional experience and subject content; didactic – as a resource for the design, implementation, and learning in professional education; and institutional – as a process of transmission, loss, accumulation, and externalisation within university and corporate environments. Six principal formats for incorporating tacit knowledge into professional education are identified: participation in professionally meaningful activities, mentoring, observation of expert practice, analysis of critical incidents, reflective partial articulation of experience, and communities of practice. For each format, the didactic functions, conditions for effective implementation, and associated risks are described. The main promising avenues for didactic research into tacit knowledge are outlined: investigating the possibilities of externalising tacit knowledge in digital environments and through generative AI; studying mentoring as a mechanism for transmitting the tacit components of professional mastery; adapting the SECI model and the concept of Ba to educational organisations; and examining barriers to the articulation of professional experience. A new didactic principle of professional education is proposed: the principle of incorporating tacit knowledge into the content of professional education and the learning process. An operational expression of this principle, its normative content, and indicators for its implementation in programmes, the learning process, assessment, and teacher training are provided. Tacit knowledge is thus transferred from the periphery of the philosophy of cognition and corporate knowledge management practice into the field of professional education didactics. It is proposed that tacit knowledge be regarded not only as a characteristic of an individual teacher’s mastery but also as a component of the content of professional education and as an object of didactic analysis within a unified field of higher and corporate education. Practical significance. The results can be utilised in the development of vocational and continuing professional education programmes, mentoring models, teacher and expert development initiatives, and in the design of tools for articulating experience within digital educational environments.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неявное знание</kwd><kwd>Т-знание</kwd><kwd>дидактика</kwd><kwd>профессиональное образование</kwd><kwd>высшая школа</kwd><kwd>инженерное образование</kwd><kwd>медицинское образование</kwd><kwd>корпоративные университеты</kwd><kwd>наставничество</kwd><kwd>модель SECI</kwd><kwd>Ba</kwd><kwd>ИИ в образовании</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tacit knowledge</kwd><kwd>T-knowledge</kwd><kwd>didactics</kwd><kwd>professional education</kwd><kwd>higher education</kwd><kwd>engineering education</kwd><kwd>medical education</kwd><kwd>corporate universities</kwd><kwd>mentoring</kwd><kwd>SECI model</kwd><kwd>Ba</kwd><kwd>AI in education</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках гранта в форме субсидии от 03.04.2026 № 075–15-2026-115 по Программе стратегического академического лидерства «Приоритет-2030». Автор благодарен анонимным рецензентам этой публикации.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted within the framework of the grant awarded as a subsidy dated 3 April 2026, No. 075–15-2026-115, under the Strategic Academic Leadership Programme “Priority 2030”. The author is grateful to the anonymous reviewers of this publication.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полани М. Личностное знание. На пути к посткритической философии. М.: Прогресс; 1995. 344 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polanyi M. Lichnostnoe znanie. Na puti k postkriticheskoi filosofii = Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy. Moscow: Publishing House Progress; 1995. 344 p. 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