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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">edscience</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Образование и наука</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Education and science journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1994-5639</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-5828</issn><publisher><publisher-name>RSVPU</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17853/1994-5639-2018-1-136-151</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">edscience-914</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МОТИВАЦИОННЫЙ КОНТЕНТ-АНАЛИЗ УЧЕБНИКОВ ПО ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ ДЛЯ НАЧАЛЬНОЙ ШКОЛЫ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ТЕОРИИ Д. МАККЛЕЛЛАНДА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MOTIVATIONAL CONTENT ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS ON LITERATURE IN CONTEXT OF D. MCCLELLAND’S THEORY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батаева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bataeva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор философских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры социологии,</p><p>Харьков</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of Department of Sociology, </p><p>Kharkov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bataevaekaterina72@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Харьковский гуманитарный университет «Народная украинская академия»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kharkov Humanitarian University “People Ukrainian Academy”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>02</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>136</fpage><lpage>151</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Батаева Е.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Батаева Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bataeva E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/914">https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/914</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Ведущие мотивы деятельности и поведения человека складываются в возрасте, совпадающем со временем обучения в начальной школе. Определяющую роль в их развитии играют несколько факторов: воспитание в семье, характер обучения в образовательном учреждении, качество предлагающейся ребенку популярной литературы и других информационно-познавательных источников – прежде всего школьных учебников. Особая значимость качественного наполнения учебников состоит в том, что дети в обязательном порядке знакомятся с размещенными в них материалами, в результате чего так или иначе усваивают транслируемые в учебных текстах модели социального взаимодействия. Высокий конструктивистский потенциал учебников свидетельствует о целесообразности и необходимости всестороннего исследования влияния их содержания на формирование мотивационных новообразований у обучающихся.</p><p>Цель публикации – представить методику анализа мотивационной направленности школьных учебников по литературе и итоги апробации данного инструментария при изучении содержания украинских учебников для начальных классов.</p></sec><sec><title>Методология и методы</title><p>Методология и методы. Работа осуществлялась с опорой на положения сравнительного, социально-конструктивистского, социокультурного и системно-деятельностного подходов к осуществлению учебно-воспитательного процесса и подготовке дидактических материалов. Использовались такие научные методы, как анализ и обобщение содержания социологической, социально-психологической, педагогической и методической литературы; контент-анализ учебных текстов.</p><p>Результаты и научная новизна. Описана разработанная автором методика мотивационного контент-анализа школьных учебников, основу которой составили постулаты теории Д. МакКлелланда. В качестве ключевых категорий, определяющих качество мотивационного содержания учебных текстов, были избраны выделенные выдающимся психологом в методике оценки мотивации показатели достижения, аффилиации (причастности), положительной и негативной власти, избегания неудачи, дополненные мотивами самовыражения и отказа от аффилиации. Предпринятый контент-анализ украинских учебников по литературе для 2–5-го классов показал, что базовым позитивным мотивом, который чаще всего воспроизводится в дискурсивном пространстве учебной литературы, является аффилиация. Среди негативных мотивов-тенденций отмечены слабая ориентация на достижение поставленных целей и самореализацию; частое присутствие негативного мотива власти (многочисленность примеров манипулирования людьми ради собственного самоутверждения, а также примеров авторитарности литературных героев, использования ими в своих интересах слабости других и т. п.) и мотива избегания неудачи (самоустранения при столкновении с трудностями). Сделан вывод о том, что высокая степень культивирования негативных мотивов поведения в школьных учебниках может стать косвенной причиной формирования пассивных жизненных установок детей младшего школьного возраста.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость. Предлагаемая авторская методика будет полезна при организации кросс-культурных сравнительных исследований по выявлению специфических отличий в обучении детей в разных странах. Результаты исследования могут также служить одним из убедительных обоснований необходимости коррекции и реформирования системы обучения в начальной школе.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The main motives of human behavior are formed at the primary school age. Several factors play a determining role in children’s development: up-bringing in the family, style of teaching at school, quality of popular literature and other sources of information, and, in particular, school textbooks. The special importance is given to the content quality of school textbooks. The influence of school textbooks is determined by the fact that school children should necessarily get familiar with the printed materials, resulting, as a consequence, in accepting the patterns of social interaction and motive-codes introduced there. Due to high constructivist potential of school textbooks, it seems necessary to carry out content analysis of textbooks’ for the purpose of identifying the influence on certain motive trends formation in schoolchildren.</p><p>The aim of the publication is to present the methodology of motivational analysis of school textbooks on literature and the results of its approbation when studying the motivational content of Ukrainian textbooks for primary school.</p><p>Methodology and research methods. The research methodology is based on comparative, socio-constructivist, sociocultural and system-activity approaches to implementation of educational process and preparation of didactic materials. Scientific methods involve: analysis and synthesis of the content of sociological, socio-psychological, pedagogical and methodical literature; content analysis of educational texts.</p><p>Results and scientific novelty. The author’s methodology of motivational content analysis of primary school textbooks on literature developed in the context of D. McClelland’s theory is described. As the main categories of motivational content analysis of texts, the motives of behavior introduced by D. McClelland (achievements, affiliation, positive and negative power, avoidance of failure) as well as the motives of self-expression and refusal of affiliation have been used. As a result of the analysis of Ukrainian textbooks on literature for the 2nd–5th forms, it has been revealed that the affiliation motive occurred to be the dominant one, which has a positive motivational tendency. Among negative motivational tendencies have been discovered: low level of representation of motives of achievement and self-expression; a relatively high frequency of using negative motive of power (numerous examples of manipulating people for own self-affirmation, authoritarianism of literature characters, use weakness of subordinates, etc.) and the motive of failure avoidance (the person's inability/unwillingness to work hard self-removal under difficulties). It has been concluded that high level of negative motives in primary school textbooks could indirectly influence the formation of passive life attitudes of primary school children.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance. The proposed author's methodology might be useful for the organization of comparative intercountry studies on identification of specific differences in training of children in different countries. The results of the research could also serve as one of the strongest justifications for the need to update and reform the system of elementary school education.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мотив поведения</kwd><kwd>достижение</kwd><kwd>аффилиация</kwd><kwd>власть</kwd><kwd>избегание неудачи</kwd><kwd>самовыражение</kwd><kwd>отказ от аффилиации</kwd><kwd>контент-анализ</kwd><kwd>учебник по литературе</kwd><kwd>начальная школа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>motive of behavior</kwd><kwd>achievement</kwd><kwd>affiliation</kwd><kwd>power</kwd><kwd>avoidance of failure</kwd><kwd>self-expression</kwd><kwd>refusal of affiliation</kwd><kwd>content analysis</kwd><kwd>literature textbook</kwd><kwd>primary school</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neuman W. Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. 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