VANDAL BEHAVIOUR OF ADOLESCENTS AS A LEGAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEM

Introduction. In today’s world, a problem of vandalism has become rather widespread. Vandals damage monuments of cultural heritage, historic sights and other types of public space. A theoretical aspect of vandalism is registered in jurisprudence, which is guided principally by regulatory approach to the solution of questions of the violation of laws and recognised rules of human coexistence. However, focusing only on the application of administrative and criminal sanctions to those guilty of vandal offenses, does not allow reducing the excessive number of universal manifestations of vandalism, which have been increased recently, by avoiding psychological factors. T

he aims of the publication were the following: to actualise and discuss the problem of vandal behaviour among adolescents; to denote a problem field of psychological research, which is necessary for identifying genesis, vandal determination and further organisation of effective preventive activity in educational institutions.

Methodology and research methods. The methodological basis of the research involved hermeneutic and dialectic approaches, general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison and synthesis of scientific data.

Results and scientific novelty. The author attempted to interpret the problem of vandal behaviour of adolescents from the point of view of interdisciplinary understanding. The author highlighted the need for a detailed psychological analysis of the phenomenon under study, its causes and predictors for the formation of adequate measures to reduce the spread of vandalism in the public space. The contradictions in the psychological theory, educational practice and consciousness of society were revealed: between the widespread occurrence of acts of vandal behaviour and the limited methods and means to prevent it; between the mass involvement of adolescents in vandalism and the lack of specialised age-based programmes to correct vandal behaviour; between the prevalence of unauthorized graphic activity of schoolchildren and other forms of vandal behaviour in the educational environment and the reluctance of teachers and administration of educational institutions to recognise this as a noteworthy problem; between the social significance of determination of lawful and effective punishment (in terms of prevention) and insufficient attention to personal reasons that encourage a person to commit or not to commit vandal acts; between common scientific interest in the individual psychological and socio-typological features of adolescents committing vandalism and inadequate attention to the socio-psychological motivational determinants, initiating and forming the readiness to commit vandal actions. The outlined discrepancies allowed the author to plan a general trajectory of the required research, in which the phenomenon of vandalism has to be considered in the context of realisation of personal subjectivity.

Practical significance. It is known that small forms of vandal behaviour can be transformed to heavier types of destructive behaviour, right up to antisocial ones. Nevertheless, the ambiguous perception of vandal acts in society and scientific community, lack of a clear boundary in understanding of acceptability or unacceptability of kinds of this phenomenon is interfered with creation of effective model of counteraction of its expansion. On the one hand, the designated direction of scientific search can generate knowledge of essence of such deviant behaviour as vandalism, and, on the other hand, vandalism has the practice-focused importance as it can establish the foundation for the development of approaches of educational influence, which prevent the manifestations of vandalism.

1. Lysak I. V. Mehanizmy i posledstvija destruktivnoj dejatel'nosti cheloveka = Mechanisms and consequences of destructive human activity. Rostov-on-Don; Taganrog: Publishing Houses SKNTVS; TRTU; 2006. 80 p. (In Russ.)

2. Trovo F., Griguol E. The role of green chemistry in cultural heritage conservation and the campaign against graphic vandalism Innovation: State of the art of research and implications. Chimica Oggi / Chemistry Today. 2017; 35, 4: 42–46.

3. Vatova L. S. Social'no-psihologicheskie osnovanija molodezhnogo vandalizma i ego profilaktika = Social and psychological bases of youth vandalism and its prevention. Moscow: National education; 2007. 298 p. (In Russ.)

4. Vorobyova I. V., Kruzhkova O. V. Psihologija vandal'nogo povedenija = Psychology of vandal behaviour. Ekaterinburg: Ural State Pedagogical University; 2015. 292 p. (In Russ.)

5. Mendelevich V. D. Psihologija deviantnogo povedenija = Psychology of deviant behavior. Moscow: Publishing House MED-press; 2011. 432 p. (In Russ.)

6. Waclavek A. Graffiti and street art. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd; 2011. 208 p.

7. Gurova O. V., Kruzhkova O. V. Vandalism as a destructive strategy of realization of teenager subjectivity. Pedagogicheskoe obrazovanie v Rossii = Pedagogical Education in Russia. 2017; 3: 96–105. (In Russ.)

8. Gurova O. V., Kruzhkova O. V. Content and functional aspects of school graphic vandalism. Vestnik Tyumenskogo gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. Serija: Pedagogika i psihologija = Bulletin of the Tyumen State University. Series: Pedagogy and Psychology. 2014; 9: 204–213. (In Russ.)

9. Kruzhkova O. V., Vorobyova I. V., Gurova O. V. Graphic vandalism in schools: Semantics and features of location. In: Psihologija kognitivnyh processov: sbornik nauchnyh trudov VI vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii, 15–16 ijunja 2017 g. Smolensk = Collection of Scientific Works of the VI All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference “Psychology of Cognitive Processes”; 2017 June 15–16; Smolensk. p. 141–145. (In Russ.)

10. Shuruhnov V. A. Rassledovanie vandalizma = Investigation of vandalism. Ed. by T. V. Averyanova. Moscow: Publishing House Jurlitinform; 2005. 112 p. (In Russ.)

11. Aliev H. K. Modern problems of vandalism motivation. Izvestiya Dagestanskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta. Obshhestvennye i gumanitarnye nauki = News of the Dagestan State Pedagogical University. Social Sciences and Humanities. 2013; 4 (25): 104–107. (In Russ.)

12. Aletin R. A. Problems of vandalism qualification. Probely v rossiyskom zakonodatelstve = Gaps in the Russian Legislation. 2015; 4: 222–225. (In Russ.)

13. Antonyan Yu. M. Kriminologija = Criminology. 2nd ed. Moscow: Publishing House Jurajt; 2013. 523 p. (In Russ.)

14. Enikeev M. I. Juridicheskaja psihologija. S osnovami obshhej i social’noj psihologii = Legal psychology. Basics of general and social psychology. 2nd ed. Moscow: Publishing Houses NORM; INFRA-M; 2010. 640 p. (In Russ.)

15. Vorobyova I. V. Sub’ektogenez i granicy sub’ektnosti i ih rol’ v formirovanii vandal’nogo povedenija = Subjectivity genesis and boundaries of subjectivity and their role in formation of vandal behaviour. Konfliktogennost’ sovrenennosti = Contemporary conflictogenity. Ekaterinburg: Ural State Pedagogical University; 2014. p. 102–118. (In Russ.)

16. Gurova O. V., Vorobyova I. V., Kruzhkova O. V. Youth vandalism as a form of knowledge of social space and communication in it. In: Sbornik nauchnyh trudov vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii “Psihologija kognitivnyh processov”, Smolensk. 2016 = Collection of Scientific Works of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference “Psychology of Cognitive Processes”; 2016; Smolensk. P. 117–122. (In Russ.)

17. Rudenkin D. V., Vorobyova I. V., Kruzhkova O. V., Krivoschekova M. S. Youth vandalism in a megalopolis environment: Norm limits and deviations. Obrazovanie i nauka = The Education and Science Journal. 2018: 20, 2: 125–146. (In Russ.)

18. Gor’kovaya I. A. The effectiveness of coping strategies in adolescents with deviant behavior. In: Psihologija stressa i sovladajushhego povedenija: sbornik materialov III Mezh-dunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii = Collection of Scientific Works of the III International Scientific-Practical Conference “Psychology of Stress and Coping Behavior”; 2013; Kostroma. Kostroma: Kostroma State University; p. 238–248. (In Russ.)

19. Yaspers K. Duhovnaja situacija vremeni = Spiritual situation of time. Moscow: Publishing House AST; 2013. 288 p. (In Russ.)

20. Thompson K., Offler N., Hirsch L., Every D., Thomas M. J., Dawson D. From broken windows to a renovated research agenda: A review of the literature on vandalism and graffiti in the rail industry. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 2012; 46 (8): 1280–1290.

21. Sergienko E. A. System-subject approach: Grounds and perspectives. Psihologicheskiy zhurnal = Psychological journal. 2011; 32, 1: 120–132. (In Russ.)

22. Znakov V. V. Ponimanie v myshlenii, obshhenii, chelovecheskom bytii = Understanding in thinking, communication, human existence. Moscow: Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 2007. 479 p. (In Russ.)

23. Zhuravlev A. L., Znakov V. V., Ryabikina Z. I., Sergienko E. I. Sub’ektnyj podhod v psihologii = Subjective approach in psychology. Moscow: Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 2009. 619 p. (In Russ.)

24. Motkov O. I. Lichnost’ i psihika = Personality and psyche. Sushhnost’, struktura i razvitie = Essence, structure and development. Samara: Publishing House Bakhrakh-M; 2008. 160 p. (In Russ.)