Estrategias para afrontar la ira como un estado y rasgo emocional en las estudiantes universitarias

Introducción. Los estudiantes universitarios a menudo se enfrentan a muchas situaciones difíciles que pueden desencadenar su ira y, por lo tanto, hacerlos menos capaces de controlarse así mismos y a su comportamiento. Esto puede obstaculizar su crecimiento, desarrollo psicológico y académico, lo que genera más conflictos e incomodidad a nivel personal, abuso físico y emocional, aumento de la delincuencia, sentimientos de inseguridad, falta de concentración y menor interacción social.

Objetivo. El propósito del estudio es considerar estrategias para la superación de la ira como estado y rasgo emocional, teniendo en cuenta las variables “Estatus social” y “Nivel de logros”.

Metodología, métodos y procesos de investigación. Se utilizó un método cuantitativo para analizar los datos. En el estudio participaron 256 estudiantes universitarias de la Universidad Aplicada Al-Balqa (BAU), seleccionadas al azar. Se utilizaron dos escalas para recopilar datos: 1) una escala de 30 ítems de ira como estado y como rasgo (15 ítems miden la ira como un estado emocional que varía en intensidad y 15 ítems miden la ira como un rasgo emocional); 2) la Escala de Estrategias de Afrontamiento de la Ira, que contiene 34 ítems divididos en seis dominios para medir las diferentes formas en que las personas reaccionan positiva o negativamente ante situaciones de ira molestas (expresión directa de la ira, énfasis, búsqueda de apoyo social, disipación, evitación y reducción de la ira).

Resultados. Los resultados revelaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas según el estatus social y el nivel de logro, mientras que no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las estrategias para afrontar la ira según el estatus social. También demostraron que la estrategia predominante para afrontar la ira es buscar apoyo social.

Novedad científica. Este estudio es uno de los pocos en el mundo árabe que examina la relación entre la ira como estado o rasgo y las estrategias de afrontamiento en una muestra de estudiantes universitarias según su estatus social y nivel de rendimiento. Esto ayuda a enriquecer la literatura teórica sobre estudio de la ira y el conocimiento de investigadores y estudiantes al aclarar las interrelaciones de las variables discutidas.

Significado práctico. En primer lugar, los hallazgos del estudio pueden atraer la atención de los profesionales de la educación al resaltar la relación entre la ira como un estado y la ira como un rasgo, así como las estrategias utilizadas por las estudiantes universitarias para afrontar la ira. Este conocimiento puede ayudar a desarrollar programas destinados a reducir la ira entre las estudiantes universitarias. En segundo lugar, el estudio puede contribuir al desarrollo de métodos de resolución de problemas que incidan positivamente en la adaptación social y académica de las estudiantes.

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