STAGES OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF CURATIVE PEDAGOGICS IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD

Introduction. Nowadays, humanistic problems of rehabilitation and successful socialization of children with border mental state and special needs arising because of various deviations from norms of physical and intellectual development are brought into focus due to the emphasis of value of each personality capable to make strong contribution to progressive economic, technological, and intellectual development of civilization. The problems listed above can be solved through the use of Curative Pedagogics (CP). CP is an integrative scientific direction which has appeared at the intersection of such disciplines as pedagogics, psychology, and medicine.

The aim of the article is to present retrospective analysis of formation and development of CP trends in Russia and abroad; open the stages of its development from the point of view of axiological and anthropological approaches; demonstrate the heritage significance of works of the Russian and foreign scientists, which influence on formation and development of anthroposophical curative education have proved to be the most important one.

Methodology and research methods. The methodological basis of the study was a set of general scientific methods of obtaining knowledge: analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, and generalization.

Results and scientific novelty. Having studied historical sources, psychological-pedagogical and medical publications and documents, the stages of formation of CP and challenges on the way of its development as an integrative scientific branch are highlighted and characterized from the point of view of axiological and anthropological approaches. The value and viability of scientific ideas of great educators and anthropologists of the past are confirmed; in particular, their thesis about formation of the humane medical and pedagogical environment. The research field of modern CP is designated: studying the questions of health-saving; rehabilitations of physical and mental well-being of a child; search of optimum ways of internal and spiritual arrangement of children life; search of methods making active internal forces and resources of a pupil; treatment-and-prophylactic measures for prevention of the so-called didactogenetic diseases; designing of technologies and methods for children skills development of psychohygiene, relaxation, formation of need for healthy and reproductive life. Today, medical and pedagogical activity finds a widespread application in inclusive education, social therapy, and practice of work with children experiencing challenges in education, and children with deviant behavior.

The thesis on CP having been published recently, allow the authors of the present article to prove their views that health-related pedagogical activity should be considered through the prism of integrative-recreational and educational methods oriented on emotional and positive “teacher – child” interaction.

Practical significance. The results of the study and scientific facts can be interesting and useful to teachers while designing general and special History of Education and Pedagogy courses and, as well as teachers, educators, social workers, recreation therapists.

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