Instructional design of smart technology use in teacher digital educational environment

Introduction. According to the provisions mentioned in Digital Kazakhstan Programme and Digital Teacher national project, the teacher today is regarded not just as an active user of the novel digital and smart technologies, but as the creator and transmitter of the authors’ digital educational content. The modern teacher is supposed both to adapt to and perform the professional activity within the digital setting of the educational institution and be able to design his/her own digital educational environment to transfer the educational content and organise effective “educator-learner” educational interaction. This situation brings us to the issue of the necessity for the teacher to be aware and master the potential possibilities provided by the smart technologies in realisation of the educational activity in terms of online and mixed learning; this, in its turn, conditions the search for the solutions for the effective instructional design of smart technology application in a teacher digital educational environment.
Aim. The present study aims to substantiate the instructional design of the implementation model of smart technologies when designing teacher personal digital educational environment (on the example of the authors’ Smart Assistant software as a means of optimising teacher activities and organising an online and mixed educational process).
Methodology and research methods. The following categories of research methods were used to reach the goal set: 1) theoretical: cybernetics method, generalisation, analogy, abstraction, visualisation, modelling, and classification; 2) empirical: surveys and interviews techniques, as well as mathematical and statistical data analysis approaches. During the experimental part of the study an online questionnaire survey on “Implementation of smart technologies in designing a teacher personal digital educational environment in the conditions of distance learning at a university” was conducted among 201 teachers of Karaganda Buketov University (Republic of Kazakhstan) and Dokuz Eylul University (Turkey) from 12 December 2022 to 30 April 2023.
The aim of the experiment was to identify problems with the adaptation and implementation of smart technologies in designing a digital educational environment. For this purpose, the respondents answered fifteen questions and made suggestions for improving the university digital educational environment.
Results and scientific novelty. The article substantiates the design of smart technology implementation in a teacher digital educational environment as a means of optimising his/her activity in organising online and mixed learning process (on the example of the authors’ software Smart Assistant), and identifies the problems with the adaptation and implementation of professional activities in the context of a digital educational environment. The characteristic features of the problems of teachers’ adaptation in a digital educational environment and the difficulties of smart technologies implementation in their professional activity are defined.
Practical significance. The Smart Assistant software product was developed as a means of optimising the teacher’s activities in organising an online and mixed educational process.

1. Smagulova G. Z., Sarzhanova G. B., Tleuzhanova G. K., Stanciu N. The development of future foreign language teachers’ digital competences in creating multimedia tutorials. Obrazovanie i nauka = The Education and Science Journal. 2021; 23 (6): 216–245. DOI: 10.17853/1994-5639-2021-6-216-245

2. Munawar S., Toor S., Aslam M., Hamid M. Move to smart learning environment: Exploratory research of challenges in computer laboratory and design intelligent virtual laboratory for eLearning Technology. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education. 2018; 14 (5): 1645–1662. DOI: 10.29333/ejmste/85036

3. Tikhomirov V. P. The world on the way of smart education. New opportunities for development. Otkrytoe obrazovanie = Open Education [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2023 Jun 16]; 3: 22–28. Available from: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/mir-na-puti-smart-education-novye-vozmozhnosti-dlya-razvitiya (In Russ.)

4. Takushevich I. A. The study of instructional design in synchrony and diachrony. Chelovek i obrazovanie = Man and Education [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2023 July 5]; 2 (43). Available from: https://cyberlen-inka.ru/article/n/issledovaniepedagogicheskogo-dizayna-v-sinhronii-idiahronii (In Russ.)

5. Chernobay E., Efimova E. A., Koreshnikova Y. N., Davlatova M. A. Pedagogicheskij dizajn: rossijskaja i zarubezhnaja issledovatel’skaja povestka = Instructional design: Research agenda in Russia and beyond [Internet]. Vol. 3. Moscow: National Research University “Higher School of Economics”; 2022 [cited 19 Jul 2023]. Available from: ioe.hse.ru/pubs/share/direct/593673038.pdf?ysclid=lngynu7hef248079704 (In Russ.)

6. Aslamova T. V. Instructional design and teaching a foreign language in higher school. Obrazovanie. Nauka. Nauchnye kadry = Education. Science. Research Staff. 2021; 1: 132–134. DOI: 10.24411/2073-3305-2021-1-132-134 (In Russ.)

7. Dneprovskaya N. V., Yankovskaya E. A., Shevtsova I. V. The conceptual basis of the smart education. Otkrytoe obrazovanie = Open Education. 2015; 6 (113): 43–51. DOI: 10.21686/1818-4243-2015-6(113-43-51 (In Russ.)

8. Aletdinova A. A., Melnichenko A. A. Development of smart education as new technology. Vestnik Jugorskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta = Bulletin of the Ugra State University [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2023 Aug 13]; 2 (37). Available from: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/razvitie-smart-obrazovaniya-kak-inno-vatsionnoy-tehnologii (In Russ.)

9. Belenko T. V, Issayev I. F. Instructional design in the system of professional training of future teachers. Homo Cyberus [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Feb 16]; 1 (10). Available from: http://journal.homo-cyberus.ru/Belenko_TV_Isaev_IF_1_2021/ (In Russ.)

10. Liang J.-M., Su W.-C., Chen Y.-L., Wu S.-L., Chen J.-J. Smart interactive education system based on wearable devices. Sensors. 2019; 19: 3260. DOI: 10.3390/s19153260

11. Youhasan P., Chen Y., Lyndon M., et al. Exploring the pedagogical design features of the flipped classroom in undergraduate nursing education: A systematic review. BMC Nursing. 2021; 20 (1). DOI: 10.1186/s12912-021-00555-w

12. Solovov A. V., Menshikova A. A. Models of designing and functioning of digital educational environment [Internet]. Vyschee obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia. 2021 [cited 2023 Feb 27]; 30 (1): 144–155. DOI: 10.31992/0869-3617-2021-30-1-144-155 (In Russ.)

13. Konovalova S. A., Kashina N. I., Tagiltseva N. G., Ward S. V., Valeeva E. M., Mokrousov S. I. Application of smart-education technologies in the institutions of the Russian system of additional education of children. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. 2019; 99: 204–213. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-92363-5_19

14. Lyapina I., Sotnikova E., Lebedeva O., Makarova T., Skvortsova N. Smart technologies: Perspectives of usage in higher education. International Journal of Educational Management. 2019; 33 (3). DOI: 10.1108/IJEM-08-2018-0257

15. Ignatieva N., Zhdankina I., Bykova D., Sysoeva Y. Using smart technologies at the classes of foreign languages at a non-linguistic university. In: Kacprzyk J. (Ed.). Lecture notes in networks and systems. Vol. 136. 2021. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49264-9_21

16. Chvanova M. S., Kiseleva I. A., Samokhvalov A. V. The essence and structure of smart technology in mobile education. In: Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE International Conference “Quality Management, Transport and Information Security, Information Technologies”, IT and QM and IS. 2020. DOI: 10.1109/ITQMIS51053.2020.9322949

17. Ţălu Ş. New perspectives in the implementation of smart-technologies in higher education. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Scientific and Practical Conference “Modern Management Trends and the Digital Economy: From Regional Development to Global Economic Growth” (MTDE 2020). 2020. DOI: 10.2991/aebmr.k.200502.042

18. Kalantzis M., Cope B. The teacher as designer: Pedagogy in the new media age. E-Learning. 2010; 7 (3). DOI: 10.2304/elea.2010.7.3.200

19. Davidson P. L. Personal learning environments and the diversity of digital natives. OALib. 2017; 04 (05). DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1103608

20. García-Tudela P. A., Prendes-Espinosa P., Solano-Fernández I. M. Smart learning environments: A basic research towards the definition of a practical model. Smart Learning Environments. 2021; 8 (1). DOI: 10.1186/s40561-021-00155-w

21. Connelly J. O., Miller P. Improving learning outcomes for higher education through smart technology. International Journal of Conceptual Structures and Smart Applications. 2018; 6 (1). DOI: 10.4018/ijcssa.2018010101

22. Spector J. M. The potential of smart technologies for learning and instruction. International Journal of Smart Technology and Learning [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2023 May 11]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305953505

23. Barlybayev A. B., Sharipbay A. A. An intelligent system for learning, controlling and assessment knowledge. Information [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2023 Apr 11]; 18 (5(A)): 1817–1828. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311673661_An_intelligent_system_for_learning_controlling_and_assessment_knowledge

24. Sharipbayev A. A., Barlybayev A. B. The methodology of smart-education as the new form of educational service. Vestnik KazNTU = Bulletin of KazNTU. 2015; 5 (111): 320–326. (In Russ.)

25. Mukhametzhanov I. S. Digital educational environment, health protecting aspects. Journal of Siberian Federal University – Humanities and Social Sciences. 2019; 12 (9). DOI: 10.17516/1997–1370–0484

26. Mironenko E. S. Digital educational environment: notion and structure. Sotsial’noe prostranstvo = Social Space [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2023 May 4]; 4 (21). Available from: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41244396&ysclid=lnhdxuevrh381707635 (In Russ.)

27. Tarassov S. V., Bayeva I. A. Designing professional-educational environment of a teacher under the conditions of introduction and fulfilment of the standard of professional activity (on the sample of the system of education of Leningradskaya oblast). Psikhologicheskaya nauka i obrazovanie = Psychological Science and Education. 2016; 8 (2). DOI: 10.17759/psyedu.2016080201 (In Russ.)

28. Panov V. I. Psikhodidaktika obrazovatel’nyh system: teoriya i praktika = Psychodidactics of educational systems: Theory and practice. Saint Petersburg: Publishing House Piter; 2007. 352 p. (In Russ.)

29. Rubtsov V. V., Ivoshina T. G. Proektirovanie razvivayuchshei obrazovatel’noi sredy shkoly = Designing developing educational environment of a school [Internet]. Moscow: Moscow State University of Psychology & Education; 2002 [cited 2023 May 22]. 272 p. Available from: http://www.psychlib.ru/inc/absid.php?absid=11632 (In Russ.)

30. Yasvin V. A. Obrazovatel’naya sreda: ot modelirovaniya k proektirovaniyu = Educational environment: From modeling to designing [Internet]. Мoscow: Publishing House Smysl; 2001 [cited 2023 Apr 12]. 365 p. Available from: https://тсу24.рф/images/2021/26.02_27.02/_yasvinv.a.obrazovatelnayasreda.pdf (In Russ.)

31. Afari E. The effects of psychosocial learning environment on students’ attitudes towards mathematics. In: Khine M. S. (Eds.). Application of structural equation modeling in educational research and practice. Contemporary approaches to research in learning innovations. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers; 2013. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-6209-332-4_5

32. Walberg H. J. Psychology of learning environments: Behavioral, structural, or perceptual? Review of Research in Education. 1976; 4: 142–178. DOI: 10.3102/0091732x004001142

33. Maron A. E. Innovative development to the system of education on the basis of methodology of environmental approach. Chelovek i obrazovanie = Man and Education [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2023 Jan 09]; 3: 16. Available from: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/innovatsionnoe-razvitie-sistemy-obrazovani-ya-na-osnove-metodologii-sredovogo-podhoda (In Russ.)

34. Tazhigulova G. O., Assanova D. N., Uteubaeva E. A., Mekezhanova A. B., Tleuzhanova G. K. Conditions of English language teaching to prospective biology teachers in Kazakhstan. Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta = Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2018; 8 (6): 23–40. DOI: 10.15293/2226-3365.1806.02

35. Assanov S. A., Akimenko G. V. Instructional design and pedagogical modeling as effective technologies of organization of educational process in higher schools. Dnevnik nauki = Diary of Science [Internet]. 2020 [2023 Jun 16]; 8 (44). Available from: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?edn=rabjur&ysclid=l-nhdiq7yiy861342926 (In Russ.)

36. Shirinkina E. V. Constructing instructional design of educational environment of a university. Vestnik SPbGIK = Bulletin of SPbGIK [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Feb 17]; 1 (46): 156–162. Available from: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/proektirovanie-pedagogicheskogo-dizayna-obrazovatel-noy-sredy-universiteta (In Russ.)

37. Gros B. The design of smart educational environments. Smart Learning Environments. 2016; 3 (15). DOI: 1186/s40561–016–0039-x

38. Batoon M., Morales L., Figueroa J. Instructional design to measure the efficacy of interactive e-books in a high school setting. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE. 2018; 19 (2): 47–60. DOI: 10.17718/tojde.415641

39. Kitibyeva A., Sarzhanova G., Bobesh R. Implementation of smart technologies in the internal ecosystem of university. Vestnik KazNPU, seriya Pedagogicheskie nauki = Bulletin of Abay KazNPU: Series “Pedagogical Sciences”. 2023 [cited 2023 Jul 20]; 2 (78). DOI: 10.51889/2959-5762.2023.78.2.009