The relationship between psychological stress and mindfulness among outstanding students in the school basic stage
https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2024-4-148-168
Abstract
Introduction. Outstanding students frequently experience psychological stress in many facets of their lives, which impedes their capacity for self-expression, self-control, and problem-solving. It negatively impacts both their physical and mental health in several ways. On the other hand, it has been discovered that mindfulness practices improve physical and sensory well-being and help with stress and anxiety management.
Aim. The present research aimed to find out how much psychological stress outstanding students at the primary stage experienced and how that stress is related to mindfulness.
Methodology and research methods. A total of 232 kids between the ages of 10 and 14 were involved in the study; they were specifically chosen based on their academic records. Students have to meet the selection requirements with grades higher than 90% in every subject. A questionnaire including a 50- item psychological stress measure with three-point Likert ratings and a mindfulness scale was used to collect data.
Results. According to the research outcomes, outstanding students had high levels of mindfulness and low levels of psychological stress. There is a negative correlation between psychological stress and mindfulness. Additionally, there were no appreciable gender differences in the study measures of mindfulness or psychological stress.
Scientific novelty. Based on the study findings, psychological stress negatively affects outstanding students’ physical and mental health and surges their levels of fatigue, tension, and poor focus. It also underlined how psychological stress is detrimental to the students’ psychological health. Accordingly, it is recommended to practise mindfulness as a helpful tactic for managing students’ psychological stress and keeping students from feeling overburdened. Achieving mental health is vital for students in all domains of their lives.
Practical significance. The study provides valuable insights and practical recommendations for stakeholders. It suggests the development of psychological and educational counselling programmes that incorporate mindfulness strategies for outstanding students. It also emphasises the need for proactive planning and the implementation of strategies to mitigate psychological stress in students while addressing their developmental and curative needs. The study results can assist researchers and educators in designing educational and counselling programmes catering to outstanding students’ psychological, social and educational needs. Furthermore, the results can help teachers understand the intricate relationship between mindfulness and psychological stress. Specifically, cultivating acceptance as an attitude can directly contribute to reducing psychological stress, making it essential for teachers to guide students in practising mindfulness as a stress management tool.
About the Authors
A. A. AlazzamJordan
Abed Al Nasser Ahmed Alazzam – Associate Professor, Department of Education, Al-Balqa Applied University,
Al-Salt.
A. A.K. Al-Shoqran
Jordan
Abdullah Abdel-Karim Khamis Al-Shoqran – Associate Professor, Department of Education,
Al-Salt.
B. M. Suleiman
Jordan
Bilal Mohammad Salah Suleiman – Assistant Professor, Department of Education,
Al-Salt.
M. A. Rababah
Jordan
Mahmoud Ali Ibrahim Rababah – Dr. Sci. (Applied Linguistics), Senior Lecturer, English Language and Literature Department,
Al-Salt.
B. M. Al-Hawamdeh
Jordan
Basma Mohammad Al-Hawamdeh – Assistant Professor, Department of Curricula and Instruction, Faculty of Educational Sciences,
Jerash.
I. A.M. Al-Maraziq
Jordan
Imad Ahmed Musa Al-Maraziq – Assistant Professor, Department of Curricula and Instruction, Faculty of Educational Sciences,
Jerash.
I. Tanjour
Jordan
Ismail Tanjour – Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences,
Amman.
F. A.M. Al-Habies
Jordan
Feras Ali Mohammad Al-Habies – Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts,
Amman.
References
1. Malkawi N., Al-Slaihat M. M., Al Basal N. M. A., Sakarneh M., Alkhaldi A. A., Al-Jezawi H. K., Rababah M. A. Teaching English to students with special needs: A case study in Jordan. Journal of Language Teaching and Research. 2023; 14 (5): 1233–1243. DOI: 10.17507/jltr.1405.11
2. Malkawi N. A. M., Attiyat N. M. A., Ismael F. M. H., Ismael A. M. H., Rababah M. A. I. English teachers’ use of multiple modalities. Arab World English Journal. 2023; 14 (1): 105–119. DOI: 10.24093/awej/vol14no1.7
3. Ivakhnenko E. N. Postgraduate course “History and Philosophy of Science”: What? How? What for? Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia. 2021; 30 (10): 38–52. DOI: 10.31992/0869-3617-2021-30-10-38-52
4. Obeidat L. M., Momani H. I., Ammari T. T., Rababah M. A. Athletic identity and its relationship to moral values among physical education university students. Obrazovanie i nauka = The Education and Science Journal [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Nov 25]; 24 (3): 41–77. Available from: https://www.edscience.ru/jour/article/view/2646
5. Danaa H. M., Al-mzary M. M., Halasa W. N., Obeidat L. M., Rababah M. A., Al-Alawneh M. K. University students’ ambition levels and vocational tendencies associated with a common culture. Obrazovanie i nauka = The Education and Science Journal. 2022; 24 (6): 153–176. DOI: 10.17853/1994-5639-2022-6-153-176
6. Sakarneh M. A., Ziadat A. H., Almakaleh A. A., Rababah M. A., Alhassan A. H., Al-Muhairat L. A., Al-Rababah H. A. Socio-pedagogical competencies needed by educators of students with autism spectrum disorder: A parent’s perspective. Obrazovanie i nauka = The Education and Science Journal. 2022; 25 (5): 176–194. DOI: 10.17853/1994-5639-2023-5-176-194
7. Obeidat L. M., Momani H. I., Hayajneh W. S., Ammari T. T., Al-mzary M. M., Rababah M. A. Values system relationship to leadership behavior of practicing and non-sports-practicing university students. International Journal of Instruction. 2022; 15 (3): 869–894. DOI: 10.29333/iji.2022.15347a
8. Alghazo K. M., Qbeita A. A., Rababah M. A., Malkawi N. A. English language teachers’ employment of successful intelligence skills. International Journal of English Language and Literature Studies. 2023; 12 (2): 184–194. DOI: 10.55493/5019.v12i2.4839
9. Al-Jezawi H. K., Al-Abdulrazaq M. A., Rababah M. A., Aldoory A. H. Art voicing peaceful protest: Hip-hop and rap in the American and Arabic cultures. IJAES [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Mar 28]; 24 (1): 1–16. Available from: https://ijaes2011.net/index.php/IJAES/article/view/555
10. Malkawi N., Rababah M. A., Al Dalaeen I., Ta’amneh I. M., El Omari A., Alkhaldi A. A., Rabab’ah K. Impediments of using e-learning platforms for teaching English: A case study in Jordan. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Mar 16]; 18 (05): 95–113. Available from: https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jet/article/view/36727
11. Alazzam A. A., Alhamad N. F., Alhassan A. A., Rababah M. A. Psychological flow and academic self-efficacy in coping with online learning during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Mar 28]; 48 (11): 1–11. Available from: http://jonuns.com/index.php/journal/article/view/847
12. Melhim M. A., Rababah M. A., Rabab’a Y. A., Zainelabdin F. A., Al Dalaeen I., Zaytoon N. A., Alqiam H. A., Al-khatib L. I. Teachers’ perspectives on social values and their influence on sustainable development in Ajloun Governorate. Journal of Higher Education Theory & Practice. 2023; 23 (14): 137–155. DOI: 10.33423/jhetp.v23i14.6389
13. Kovalenko I., Oleksandra O. R., Chorna I., Borodinа O., Zamashkina O., Bybyk D. Training future social workers for preventive-corrective work by methods of neuropsychology and neurocorrection of deviant adolescent behaviour. BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience. 2022; 13 (2): 211–244. DOI: 10.18662/brain/13.2/340
14. Yassien B. B. M. B., Albadarneh M. M. T., Alazzam A. A. A. M., Rababah M. A. Relationship between organisational trust and decision-making participation. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice. 2023; 23 (7). DOI: 10.33423/jhetp.v23i7.6021
15. Wolor C. W., Ardiansyah A., Rofaida R., Nurkhin A., Rababah M. A. Impact of toxic leadership on employee performance. Health Psychology Research. 2022; 10 (4). DOI: 10.52965/001c.5755119
16. Zabelina E. V., Deyneka O. S., Chestyunina Y. V., Vedeneeva E. V. The role of psychological time in late socialization. A SEM Analysis. Psychology in Russia. 2023; 16 (3): 149–167. DOI: 10.11621/PIR.2023.0311
17. Alkhaldi A. A., Rababah M. A., Al-Saidat E. M., Rakhieh B. M., Rababah K. A. A lexical study of coffee shop signs in Jordan. International Journal of English Language and Literature Studies. 2023; 12 (1): 33–44. DOI: 10.55493/5019.v12i1.4703
18. Soloveva T. S., Sokolova V. A. Inclusion problems in the Russian general education system. Changing Societies & Personalities. 2023; 7 (3): 82–102. DOI: 10.15826/csp.2023.7.3.242
19. Iraeva N. G., Mamatova S. I., Beletskaya E. A., Shakmakov A. A. Predictors of psychological well-being of the art and culture university students. Religación: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2023 Nov 25]; 4 (13): 214–223. Available from: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=8273936
20. Graver C., White P. Neuropsychological effects of stress on social phobia with and without comorbid depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2007; 45 (6): 1193–1206. DOI: 10.1016/J.Brat.2006.08.002
21. Selye H. Person-centered communication and stress: The eighth C – calmness. In: Storlie T. A. (Ed.). Person-centred communication with older adults: The professional provider’s guide. p. 109–129. Academic Press; 2015. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-420132-3.00007-6
22. Shmoylova N. A., Kashirsky D. V. Formation of the value-based attitude towards health among lyceum students. Rossijskij psihologicheskij zhurnal = Russian Psychological Journal. 2021; 18 (2): 35–52. DOI: 10.21702/rpj.2021.2.3
23. Al-Sumary A. Psychological stress among outstanding students and how to confront it. Journal of Education, University of Aleppo. 2016; 22 (11): 251–268.
24. Al-Saidat E. M., Tawalbeh A. I., Malkawi N. A., Shehadeh T. M., Rabab’ah K. A., Rababah M. A. The linguistic implications of Facebook nicknames for Jordanian males and females. Theory and Practice in Language Studies. 2023; 13 (10): 2457–2467. DOI: 10.17507/tpls.1310.04
25. Alazzam A. A, Alhamad N. F., Alhassan A. A. Rababah M. A. Psychological flow and academic self-efficacy in coping with online learning during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Hunan University (Natural Sciences) [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Nov 25]; 48 (11): 1–11. Available from: http://jonuns.com/index.php/journal/ article/view/847
26. Parry B. J. Promoting health, well-being, and developmental outcomes in young people experiencing homelessness: an investigation into the impact of My Strengths Training For Life™ [doctoral dissertation on the Internet]. UK: University of Birmingham; 2020 [cited 2023 Nov 25]. Available from: http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/eprint/12778
27. Lisak Šegota N., Lištiaková I. L, Stošić J., Kossewska J., Troshanska J., Nikolovska A. P, Cierpiałowska T., Preece D. Teacher education and confidence regarding autism of specialist primary school teachers. European Journal of Special Needs Education. 2022; 37 (1): 14–27. DOI: 10.1080/08856257.2020.1829865
28. Roos E., Lawrence H. Sex roles and social support as moderators of life stress adjustment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2004; 52 (3): 570–585. DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.52.3.576
29. Lu F., Xu Y., Yu Y., Peng L., Wu T., Wang T., Li M. Moderating effect of mindfulness on the relationships between perceived stress and mental health outcomes among Chinese intensive care nurses. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2019; 10: 260–273. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00260
30. Wielgosz J., Goldberg S. B., Kral T. R., Dunne J. D., Davidson R. J. Mindfulness meditation and psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology. 2019; 15: 285–302. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093423
31. Kuyken W., Weare K., Ukoumunne O. C., Vicary R., Motton N., Burnett R., Huppert F. Effectiveness of the mindfulness in schools programme: Non-randomized controlled feasibility study. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2013; 203 (2): 126–131. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.126649
32. Perić J., Leko Šimić M., Pevnaya M. V., Sharma E. Generation Z and volunteering: A national culture perspective. Obrazovanie i nauka = The Education and Science Journal. 2021; 23 (1): 44–72. DOI: 10.17853/1994-5639-2021-1-44-72
33. Vasilyeva E. N., Shcherbakov A. V. Parental roles and types of parentings as determinants of a preschooler’s emotional and personal well-being. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2016; 233: 144–149. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.10.172
34. Frolova E. V., Rogach O. V., Tyurikov A. G., Razov P. V. Online student education in a pandemic: New challenges and risks. European Journal of Contemporary Education [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Nov 25]; 10 (1): 43–52. Available from: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1294658
35. Scheepers R. A., Emke H., Epstein R. M., Lombarts K. M. The impact of mindfulness-based interventions on doctors’ well-being and performance: A systematic review. Medical Education. 2020; 54 (2): 138–149. DOI: 10.1111/medu.14020
36. Schwartz A. Mindfulness in applied psychology: Building resilience in coaching. The Coaching Psychologist [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Mar 22]; 14 (2): 98–104. Available from: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2018-60784-004
37. Nawaz D. Impact of test anxiety and mindfulness on academic performance among university students. Psychology and Education Journal [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Mar 22]; 58 (2): 10662–10673. Available from: http://psychologyandeducation.net/pae/index.php/pae/article/view/4043
38. Barnhofer T., Crane C., Hargus E., Amarasinghe M., Winder R., Williams J. M. G. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2009; 4 7 (5): 366–373. DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.019
39. Giluk T. L. Mindfulness-based stress reduction: Facilitating work outcomes through experienced affect and high-quality relationships [doctoral dissertation on the Internet]. The University of Iowa; 2010 [cited 2023 Mar 22]. Available from: https://search.proquest.com/openview/d079e7cee09f222fa39c4fc4b0d3cb44/1?pqorigsite=gscholar&cbl=18750
40. Abdullah A. Mindfulness among university students. Al-Ustad Magazine. 2013; 2 (205): 343–366.
41. Hon Z. Can mindfulness practice benefit executive function and improve academic performance [unpublished master’s thesis]. Canada: University of Ottawa; 2013. DOI: 10.20381/ruor-3123
42. Caballero C., Scherer E., West M. R., Mrazek M. D., Gabrieli C. F., Gabrieli J. D. Greater mindfulness is associated with better academic achievement in middle school. Mind, Brain, and Education. 2019; 13 (3): 157–166. DOI: 10.1111/mbe.12200
43. Napora L. The impact of classroom-based meditation practice on cognitive engagement, mindfulness and academic performance of undergraduate college students [Internet]. State University of New York at Buffalo; 2013 [cited 2023 Mar 22]. Available from: https://search.proquest.com/openview/355c5d5bd9e8fe67e00df33bc3fe8a25/1?pqorigsite=gscholar&cbl=18750
44. Al-Harbi N. The level of mental alertness among female students of the College of Education at Umm Al-Qura University in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Educational and Psychological Research, University of Baghdad. 2021; 68: 1–30. DOI: 10.52839/0111-000-068-001
45. Popov E. A. How university professors assess their teaching experience at schools. Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia. 2021; 30 (2): 83–91. DOI: 10.31992/0869-3617-2021-30-2-83-91
46. Renzulli J. S. The three-ring conception of giftedness: A developmental model for promoting creative productivity [Internet]. Prufrock Press Inc.; 2016 [cited 2023 May 14]. Available from: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2016-00316-003
47. Davis G., Rimm S. Education of the gifted and talented [Internet]. 5th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall; 2004 [cited 2023 Mar 22]. Available from: https://www.scirp.org/(S(351jmbntvnsjt1aadkposzje))/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=1701672
48. Yang Y. The interaction effects on academic stress of gifted student and normal student by academic self-efficacy and stress coping styles. Journal of Gifted/Talented Education. 2012; 22 (4): 841–853. DOI: 10.9722/JGTE.2012.22.4.841
49. Lukashenko M. A., Ozhgikhina A. A. Image of a university professor: Students’ views and priorities. Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia. 2019; 28 (1): 46–56. DOI: 10.31992/0869-3617-2019-28-1-46-56
50. Lubinski D. From Terman to today: A century of findings on intellectual precocity. Review of Educational Research. 2016; 86 (4): 900–944. DOI: 10.3102/0034654316675476
51. Adham A. Psychological and academic stress among gifted students at the secondary stage. Tishreen University Journal. 2020; 11 (2): 111–133.
52. Guldemond H., Bosker R., Kuyper H., van der Werf G. Do highly gifted students really have problems? Educational Research and Evaluation. 2007; 13 (6): 555–568. DOI: 10.1080/1380361070176038
53. Chen X., Fan X., Cheung H. Y., Wu J. The subjective well-being of academically gifted students in the Chinese cultural context. School Psychology International. 2018; 39 (3): 291–311. DOI: 10.1177/0143034318773788
54. Alyan A. Sources of psychological stress among gifted and talented students in the secondary stage and ways to confront them. Journal of Psychology and Education [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Mar 22]; 12 (15): 45–66. Available from: https://search.mandumah.com/Record/3047
55. Najwani N. Mindfulness among students of post-basic education in light of some variables at Muscat province. Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies, Sultan Qaboos University. 2019; 2 (13): 220–234. DOI: 10.24200/jeps.vol13iss2pp220-234
56. Al-Khatatneh S. The effectiveness of a program of mental alertness training in reducing psychological stress and improving lifestyle among students of a public university in Jordan. Dirasat: Educational Sciences [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2023 Mar 22]; 46 (1): 61–78. Available from: https://archives.ju.edu.jo/index.php/edu/article/view/12712 (In Arabic)
57. Shaheen M., Rayyan A. The level of mindfulness among the students of the faculty of educational sciences at Al-Quds Open University and its relationship to problem-solving skills. Palestinian Journal for Open Learning & e-Learning [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Mar 22]; 8 (14): 1–13. Available from: https://digitalcommons.aaru.edu.jo/jropenres/vol8/iss14/1
58. Weinstein N., Brown K. W., Ryan R. M. A multi-method examination of the effects of mindfulness on stress attribution, coping, and emotional well-being. Journal of Research in Personality. 2009; 43 (3): 374–385. DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.008
59. Sternberg R. J., Chowkase A., Desmet O., Karami S., Landy J., Lu J. Beyond transformational giftedness. Education Sciences. 2021; 11 (5): 192. DOI: 10.3390/educsci11050192
60. Ala’a M. The level of psychological stress, psychological adjustment and coping skills among a sample of outstanding university students. Journal of Social Studies and Research, University of Aleppo. 2021; 15 (22): 60–77.
61. Ali M. Psychological problems arising from the emerging coronavirus COVID-19 and their relationship to the pressures of learning and electronic assessment among a sample of Sultan Qaboos University students. Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies, Sultan Qaboos University. 2021; 15 (2): 256–276. DOI: 10.24200/jeps.vol15iss2pp256–276
62. Salah B. M., Alhamad N. F., Alazzam A. A., Albadarneh M. M., Alqiam H. A., Rababah M. A. Optimism predictive ability and psychological flexibility among students during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Educational and Social Research. 2022; 12 (5): 197–206. DOI: 10.36941/jesr-2022-0134
63. Coppersmith S. A., A. Hurt D. World regional geography and distant suffering: Student and faculty perceptions of moral obligation. Journal of Geography in Higher Education. 2022; 46 (1): 20–42. DOI: 10.1080/03098265.2020.1833845
64. Haider A. S., Al-Salman S. Jordanian university instructors’ perspectives on emergency remote teaching during COVID-19: Humanities vs sciences. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education. 2023; 15 (1): 98–112. DOI: 10.1108/JARHE-07-2021-0261
65. Mendelson T., Greenberg M. T., Dariotis J. K., Gould L. F., Rhoades B. L., Leaf P. J. Feasibility and preliminary outcomes of a school-based mindfulness intervention for urban youth. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 2010; 38 (7): 985–994. DOI: 10.1007/s10802-010-9418-x
66. Gál É., Ștefan S., Cristea I. A. The efficacy of mindfulness meditation apps in enhancing users’ well-being and mental health-related outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2021; 279: 131–142. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.134
67. Abbott D. H., Keverne E. B., Bercovitch F. B., Shively C. A., Mendoza S. P., Saltzman W., et al. Are subordinates always stressed? A comparative analysis of rank differences in cortisol levels among primates. Hormones and Behavior. 2003; 43 (1): 67–82. DOI: 10.1016/S0018-506X(02)00037-5
68. Le Fevre M., Kolt G. S., Matheny J. Eustress, distress and their interpretation in primary and secondary occupational stress management interventions: Which way first? Journal of Managerial Psychology. 2006; 21 (6): 547–565. DOI: 10.1108/02683940610684391
69.
Review
For citations:
Alazzam A.A., Al-Shoqran A.A., Suleiman B.M., Rababah M.A., Al-Hawamdeh B.M., Al-Maraziq I.A., Tanjour I., Al-Habies F.A. The relationship between psychological stress and mindfulness among outstanding students in the school basic stage. The Education and science journal. 2024;26(4):148-168. https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2024-4-148-168