FORMATION OF STUDENTS’ SCIENTIFIC THINKING BASED ON THE LEARNING OF METHODS OF THE SUBSTANCE ANALYSIS

Introduction. In Federal State Standards of the Higher Education (FSS HE) of the natural-science and technical specialties and also in a number of the corresponding professional standards, the competence in the field of analytical chemistry is specified as one of the main qualification characteristics of an expert/university graduate. It is caused by interdisciplinarity of analytical chemistry and a wide range of application of analysis methods which are used today not only directly on chemical production, but also in power engineering, construction engineering, metallurgy, materials science, standardization, certification, and many other spheres. At the current time, however, there is a big gap between achievements of chemical science and content of high school discipline that reduces quality of staff training demanded in labour market. This discrepancy is caused both by preservation of traditional methodology of teaching chemistry and the reasons of the methodical plan. The aim of the publication is to search for more effective and productive ways of mastering the educational material that is relevant for acquiring the qualifications required from the university graduate. Methodology and research methods. Methodological framework of the article involves the concepts of chemical and natural-science education at the higher school; the principles of the system-based, cognitive, practice-focused and competence-based training. Results and scientific novelty. On the basis of the review and generalization of scientific and methodological resources on the theory and practice of application of the analysis methods of substances from didactic positions, a number of these methods have been singled out and compared; their role and features in determination of a molecule structure and other characteristics of an individual substance and its solutions have been shown. Despite the fact that the work is carried out using known methods of analysis, such a generalization makes it possible to more clearly understand the principles of the choice of a method and the method importance according to the purposes and specifics of the studied object that is essential for formation of research skills during training, as well as for formation of scientific thinking and the required qualification acquisition by graduates of the natural-science and technical specialties. In order to update the acquired knowledge, the examples illustrating applied use of various analysis methods in modern research and production practice have been collected. Tables have been made for a faster perception of the material by methods of analysis for the purpose of an informed choice of the method. Reliance on the principle of tabular collection of material makes it easier to understand the individuality of the method; allows teachers to reduce their workload; and on the part of students, to shorten the time and simplify the procedure of choosing the method of chemical, physicochemical and/or physical analysis. Practical significance. The work is compiled in accordance with the State General Educational Standards of Higher Professional Education, and can be recommended to practising and beginning teachers of higher education institutions, as well as graduate students of chemical specialties. The materials presented in the article can assist in designing the curricula of chemical disciplines or modules of educational programs.

1. Vershinin V. I. Analytical Chemistry in the system of interrelations of subject matters at the classical universities. Zhurnal analiticheskoj himii = Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2003; 58 (1): 97–104. (In Russ.)

2. Sirotkin O. S., Sirotkin R. O. About the concept of chemical education. Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia. 2001; 6: 137–139. (In Russ.)

3. Sirotkin O. S. Traditional methodology of teaching Chemistry: Problems, shortcomings and the reasons of her use in the 21st century (review). In: Innovacii v prepodavanii himii: sbornik nauchnyh i nauchno-metodicheskih trudov V Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii, g. Kazan’, 27–28 marta 2014 goda = Innovations in Teaching Chemistry: Collection of Scientific and Methodical works of the 5th International Scientific and Practical Conference; 2011 Mar 27–28; Kazan. Ed. by S. I. Gil’manshina. Kazan: Kazan University; 2014. p. 272–277. (In Russ.)

4. Vershinin V. I., Vlasova I. V., Nikiforova I. A. Analiticheskaja himija = Analytical Chemistry. Moscow: Publishing House Akademija; 2011. 448 p. (In Russ.)

5. Zolotov Ju. A. About teaching analytical chemistry. Zhurnal analiticheskoj himii – Journal of Analytical Chemistry = Journal of Analytical Chemistry [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2017 Nov 03]; 66 (3): 3. Available from: http://www.zhakh.ru; http://zhah.rf (In Russ.)

6. Mychko D. I. Voprosy metodologii i istorii himii: ot teorii nauchnogo metoda k metodike obuchenija = Questions of methodology and history of Chemistry: From the theory of a scientific method to a training technique. Minsk: Belarusian State University; 2014. 295 p. (In Russ.)

7. Imashev U. B., Zhurkin O. P., Bezhan D. I. Methodological features of presentation of the incomprehensible topics in the course of Organic Chemistry. Bashkirskij himicheskij zhurnal = Bashkir Chemical Journal. 2010; 2: 43–49. (In Russ.)

8. Vershinin V. I. Content and methodical guidelines for the basic course of Analytical Chemistry. Zhurnal analiticheskoj himii = Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2005; 60 (9): 992–1003. (In Russ.)

9. Ivanova T. V. A technique of teaching Chemistry in technical college. Pedagogicheskoe obrazovanie i nauka = Pedagogical Education and Science. 2011; 10: 100–102. (In Russ.)

10. Kraht L. N. Some features of teaching Chemistry in technical college. Sovremennye naukoemkie tehnologii = Modern High Technologies. 2006; 3: 78–79. (In Russ.)

11. Glagoleva M. A., Anan'eva E. A. Features of teaching Chemistry in physical higher education institution. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovanija = Modern Problems of Science and Education. 2015; 2: 270. (In Russ.)

12. Tarasenko O. V., Pakusina A. P. Features of teaching discipline “Chemistry” in engineering specialties. Aktual’nye problemy gumanitarnyh i estestvennyh nauk = Current Problems of Humanitarian and Natural Sciences. 2014; 2/2: 189–192. (In Russ.)

13. Borkoev B. M., Salieva K. T. Improvement of a technique of teaching Chemistry for training of engineers. Mezhdunarodnyj zhurnal jeksperimental’nogo obrazovanija = International Journal of Experimental Education. 2012; 6: 96–98. (In Russ.)

14. Bolvako A. K., Radion E. V. Organization of educational process when studying Analytical Chemistry at the Belarusian State Technological University. Informatizacija obrazovanija i nauki = Informatization of Science and Education. 2013; 2 (18): 121–132. (In Russ.)

15. Polunina O. A. Teaching discipline “Analytical Chemistry and PhysicoChemical Methods of the Analysis” in the Siberian University of Consumer Cooperation. In: Aktual’nye voprosy modelirovanija rossijskogo obrazovanija: materialy XVII Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii = Topical Issues of Modeling of the Russian Education: Materials of the 17th International Scientific and Practical Conference. Moscow; 2014. p. 240–246. (In Russ.)

16. Tihomirova I. Ju., Shilov S. M. Experience of teaching Analytical Chemistry in Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia. In: Aktual’nye problemy modernizacii himicheskogo i estestvenno-nauchnogo obrazovanija: materialy 54-j Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii himikov s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem = Current Problems of Modernization of Chemical and Natural-Science Education: Materials of the 54th All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference of Chemists with the International Participation. St.-Petersburg: Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia; 2007. p. 220–221. (In Russ.)

17. Chernova R. K., Kulapina E. G. Teaching Analytical Chemistry at chemical faculty of Saratov State University. Zhurnal analiticheskoj himii = Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2003; 58 (9): 998–1000. (In Russ.)

18. Prohorenko L. A., Nezamentimova L. E. Teaching General Chemistry in the conditions of reduction of hours on studying of the discipline. Problemy vysshego obrazovanija = Problems of the Higher Education. 2012; 1: 211–213. (In Russ.)

19. Novopoltseva V. M., Usova E. N., Poljanskov R. A. Methods of rational studying of some subjects of Analytical Chemistry. Integracija obrazovanija = Integration of Education. 2004; 4 (37): 55–59. (In Russ.)

20. Tarasevich B. N. Pervonachal’nye svedenija o metodah JaMR, massspektrometrii i IK-spektroskopii = Initial data on the nuclear magnetic resonances methods, mass spectrometry and IK-spectroscopy [Internet]. MGU im. M. V. Lomonosova, kafedra organicheskoj himii = Lomonosov Moscow State University, department of organic chemistry. Available from: http://www.chem.msu.ru/rus/ teaching/tarasevich/Tarasevich_NMR_3.pdf (In Russ.)

21. Myagkov A. Yu., Grigoryeva M. V., Zhuravleva I. V., Zhuravleva S. L. Work experience internship through the eyes of technical university students (on the materials of sociological research). Obrazovanie i nauka = The Education and Science Journal. 2015; 4 (123): 100–113. (In Russ.)

22. Zolotov Ju. A. O himicheskom analize i o tom, chto vokrug nego = About the chemical analysis and what is around it. Moscow: Publishing House Nauka; 2004. 477 p. (In Russ.)

23. Lewis M. Himija. Shkol’nyj kurs v 100 tablicah = Chemistry. School course in 100 tables. Moscow: Publishing House AST-Press; 1997. 108 p. (In Russ.)

24. Lewis M. Himija v diagrammah = Chemistry in charts. Moscow: Publishing Houses AST; Astrel’; 2004. 160 p. (In Russ.)

25. Baikova L. A., Kosareva M. A. Himija metallov = Chemistry of metals. Ekaterinburg: Ural Federal University; 2015. 100 p. (In Russ.)

26. Terekhin V. V., Zaitseva A. V., Dementieva O. V., Rudoy V. М. New “two-dimensional” polymer-metal composites based on highly ordered ensembles of nanoparticles: Design and optical properties. Kolloidnyj zhurnal = Colloid Journal. 2013; 75, 6: 786–791. (In Russ.)

27. Potapova E. N. Manushina A. S., Urbanov F. V. Effect of heat treatment of kaolin on its properties. Novye ogneupory = New Refractories. 2017; 10: 26–30. (In Russ.)

28. Ouyang Z., Liu D., Cai Y., Yao Y. Investigating the fractal characteristics of pore-fractures in bituminous coals and anthracites through fluid flow behavior. Energy and Fuels. 2016; 30, 12: 10348–10357.

29. Lebedev A. T. Mass-spektroskopija v organicheskoj himii = Mass spectroscopy in organic chemistry. Moscow: Publishing House Tehnosfera; 2015. 704 p. (In Russ.)

30. Tarkhanova I. G., Anisimov F. V., Buryak A. K., Bryzhin F. F., Ali-Zade A. G., Akopyan A. V., Zelikman V. M. Structure and catalytic properties of immobilized ionic liquids based on Mo- and W-containing heteropolyacids in the oxidation of thiophene. Nefte-himija = Petrochemistry. 2017; 57, 5: 536–544. (In Russ.)

31. Tursunov M. A., Avezov K. G., Umarov B. B., Parpiev N. A. NMR spectra and the crystal structure of the nickel (II) complex with aroylhydrazones of ethyl 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxohexanoic acid. Koordinacionnaja himija = Coordination Chemistry. 2017; 43, 2: 99–102. (In Russ.) 3

32. Rantitsch G., Lammerer W., Fisslthaler E., et al.Оn the discrimination оf semigraphite аnd draphite by Raman Specroscopy. International Journal of Coal Geology. 2016; 159.1, April: 48–56.

33. Markov V. F., Maskaeva L. N., Kosareva M. A. Voda, vodnye rastvory: jeffekty razbavlenija i pamjati = Water, aqueous solutions: Dilution and storage effects. Ekaterinburg: Ural Institute of State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Measures of Russia; 2016. 204 p. (In Russ.)