Introduction. In the field of education, the knowledge-focused paradigm shift to the practice-oriented one updates the problems of measurement of learning outcomes as the former methodical tools are no longer available. Currently, there is no reference system for exact evaluation of the quality of acquisition of training programmes focused on the competency-based concept of education. The criteria and materials for the current, intermediate and total control are quite often developed by the educational organisations of different educational levels independently. Such a situation generates the questions about scientific validity and validity of diagnostic tools, as well as the questions about teachers’ readiness for implementation of control-evaluative activity under new conditions.

The aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics of evaluative methods used by modern teachers to establish the level of formation of students’ competencies at schools, vocational secondary schools and universities.

Methodotogy and research methods. The retrospective theoretical-empirical research was carried out according to I. N. Emelyanova’s typology of evaluative means, according to which the methods of evaluation correspond to the criteria of intellectual or activity-based performance and are subdivided into reproductive, productive, active and interactive. The specific character and dynamics of teachers’ application of didactic control devices of knowledge and skills acquired by students at different levels of education are analysed by means of the systematic prolonged questionnaires (n =50 in 2013; n =89 in 2014; n =351 in 2015; n =612 in 2016/17).

Results and scientific novelty. The general positive tendency for the distribution of active methods to consolidate learning outcomes is observed. The ranking list of popular and unpopular didactic technologies in the differentiated pedagogical environment is drawn up. Elementary school teachers most often use game imitating situations; secondary school teachers and senior-level school teachers use problem situations; teachers of vocational schools mostly apply for organisational and activity games; teachers of higher education institutions prefer to hold discussions. However, along with positive dynamics of active methods application for learning assessment, non-systemic use of such methods is noted as well. Also,

the authors revealed other weak points when organising student achievement verification. Reproductive techniques continue to dominate at all educational levels and interactive methods of diagnostics are unclaimed: 66% of the respondents of this group never applied assessment techniques and means in practice, which, most certainly, is a deterrent to the realisation of practice-focused approach to education. The conclusion is drawn on inadequate readiness of teachers for appropriate determination of students’ successful acquisition of educational programmes and gaps in their preparation on the criteria required by the Federal State Educational Standards (FSES).

Practical significance. The discussion of teachers’ priorities in the choice of tools for the measurement of learning outcomes and identification of the causes of obstacles to the maximum use of resources of modern methods of evaluation contributes to the search of appropriate ways to optimise the system of diagnostics of true education quality.

Introduction. Knowledge is one of the most important human needs. Today, lifelong learning and self-education individual skills are of paramount importance for each representative of the society in relation to the world trends of a post-industrial era: economic domination in the innovative sector, progressive increase of intensity of information flows and rates of distribution of high technologies, rapid development of science and industry of knowledge, quickly changing and becoming tougher requirements to professionalism, qualification and creativity of experts irrespective of the sphere of employment. It is obvious that structural formation and improvement of ways of students’ thinking is one of the most important tasks of the educational system; reflection is of particular importance. However, the results of training are still defined by the level of development of easily measured operational skills and cognitive qualities (memory, attention, logic), in which the reflection is presented only partially. Reflexive abilities as the mechanism and instrument of knowledge, which assist a personality to understand himself or herself, to comprehend own feelings, actions, acts and complex external realities, in most cases remain unaccounted in educational process and when analysing and evaluating the results.

The aim of the article was to justify the need to form reflexive skills of knowledge in students through a combination of phenomenological and hermeneutical methods in daily pedagogical practice.

Methodology and research methods. The work is based on the ideas of anthropological and phenomenological approaches in human education and - above all - the philosophic idea of “human-sizedness”, which implies anthropological view on a student. The methods of system-based and comparative analysis, as well as the methods of interpretation, synthesis and modelling were used in the course of the research.

Results and scientific novelty. The author designates classical linear and neoclassical types of informative models with corresponding to them essentially different explanatory-illustrative and actively-searchable methods, which are used by teachers during classes. The advantages of phenomenological pedagogics are proved: its central category is presented by the phenomenon - sense of any phenomena or processes, which leads to the enrichment of personal experience. In phenomenological approach, the student is regarded as a live, constantly changing character of own personal formation and development; knowledge process is considered as the sequence of acts of understanding and its judgment in close teacher-student interaction. The accumulation of knowledge experience and students’’ acquisition of axiological orientations are promoted by the reflexive processes, structuring knowledge conducive to the elaboration of individual strategy and tactics of behaviour. The educational practices, based on the ways of complete development of reflexive informative abilities of individuals in the context of their activity, are known as the anthropopractices, which subject is “human” in the person and the result is self-determination.The characteristics of two leading methods of knowledge - phenomenological and hermeneutical are compared, their similarity and distinction are shown, and possible options of application are shown. The author concludes that integrated usage of phenomenological approach with hermeneutics elements in the educational activity is considered useful.

Practical significance. The means of phenomenological hermeneutics described in the article become especially relevant in the conditions of digitalisation and computerisation of pedagogical communication: their use better compensates for the costs of technical methods of training by the means of real teacher-student collaboration through dialogue, knowledge process, experience, interpretation and reflection of the discipline under study.

Introduction. Nowadays, an important criterion for the effectiveness of vocational education is the demand for graduates in the labour market. In order to ensure maximum compliance of the structure of training of specialists with the needs of the economy in personnel, the Ministry of Education and Science of theRussian Federation annually establishes admission quotas in universities on the basis of regional development forecasts. However, one of the options for the distribution of admission quotas in recent years has become an inter-university competition, as a result of which budget places are transferred to educational institutions only on the basis

indicators of their effectiveness, i.e. excluding the dynamics of local labour markets. While the problems of coordination of admission quotas and the need for personnel are sufficiently covered in the literature, the mechanism of the distribution of places in the competition has been insufficiently studied so far.

The aim of this research was to analyse the mechanism of competitive distribution of admission quotas on the example of higher education institutions, which provide training for bachelor and specialist programmes in the field of “Education and Pedagogical Sciences”.

Methodology and research methods. The present research is based on the methodology of integrated research, including the methods of comparative and statistical analysis of data, their systematisation and generalisation.

Results and scientific novelty. It is shown that the process of distribution of admission quotas is generated in accordance with the official competitive selection methodology. The study established that none of the indicators applied in the calculations of the effectiveness of universities’ activities were statistically related to the results of the competition. The main reason for the inability of the competitive mechanism to carry out the correct ranking of participants in terms of success is the major methodological and mathematical errors inherent in the algorithms for determining the effectiveness of educational organisations. As a result, the number of budget places allocated to each university is largely determined by chance. The results of the competitive distribution of admission quotas depend only on the industry sector of educational institutions. The widespread development of the idea of quoting of budgetary education on indicators of an interuniversity competition will inevitably aggravate a disproportion problem between territorial training and demand for them in regions. There will certainly be a deficiency of young specialists due to low mobility of graduates of the Russian higher school and reduction of the contingent of provincial higher education institutions-outsiders. Conversely, the personnel surplus will appear in the regional educational institutions (mainly metropolitan), which won the competitions. The proposals on correction of the evolving negative socio-economic situation are formulated.

Practical significance. The authors believe that the research results will make it possible to thoroughly discuss the rectilinear projection of effective outcome monitoring in higher education institutions for competitive distribution of admission quotas and the feasibility of holding a competition in general. Moreover, the results of the present study contribute to the method of competitive distribution of university admission quotas.

Introduction. The core of technical knowledge is formed by the fundamental mathematical, physical and chemical knowledge, which is necessary for creation and improvement of devices, materials and technologies, competent implementation of production operations and use of various chemicals in the industrial sphere, taking into account their influence on the environment and the human body. Fundamental chemical training plays a significant role in the formation of chemical competency and development of the components of cross-cultural, general professional and professional competencies of future engineers. However, the analysis of educational practice demonstrates the discrepancy between the level of fundamental chemical training of graduates and the modern requirements to engineering education.

Methodology and research methods. The research was carried out on the basis of multilevel methodology including dialectical principles, categories and regularities of the knowledge theory. The key ideas of the system-based, person-oriented, integrative, technological, competency-based, information-and-activity-ba- sed and environmental approaches were employed. The methods of comparative analysis and conceptual modelling were used. The assessment of the results of a pedagogical experiment was conducted by means of the method of diagnostics of reflexive abilities and the median method; the coefficient of system knowledge was calculated on the basis of the component analysis of the formed competencies.

Results and scientific novelty. The concept and the structural-functional model of the fundamental chemical training of bachelors in the information-and-activity-based educational environment of blended learning have been proposed. This model provides a holistic framework for the interconnected target, content, organisational and administrative, procedural activity-based and productive evaluative blocks. Moreover, the model accumulates the achievements in the field of e-learning and involves the acquisition of the subject (chemical), methodological invariants and the variable component of the academic programme that together constitute the fundamental chemical training. An e-learning course based on videoconferencing and Web 2.0 technologies allows teachers to efficiently integrate classroom and independent work of students and to upgrade lectures and practicals. Modern pedagogical project-based technologies, gradual development of critical thinking, sustainable implementation of elements of research work into laboratory chemical practicum contribute to the positive dynamics of the quality of students’ acquired knowledge and skills. The approbation of the model, which was carried out inSiberianFederalUniversity from 2015 to 2018, has confirmed its efficiency. The results of the model adaptation are demonstrated in the present article.

Practical significance. As presented by the author of publication, the theoretical-methodological bases of fundamental chemical training of the bachelors, enrolled in a wide range of programmes of technical and technological directions, can considerably improve the effectiveness of vocational education and increase the competitiveness of graduates in the labour market.

. Introduction. Transition to a post-industrial socio-economic structure and information society caused education crisis, which is common for world space. Dynamic development of high technologies and rapid obsolescence of knowledge significantly reduced life cycle of professions and caused deep structural changes in the sphere of employment. The need of economics for workers with qualitatively new qualification characteristics - a flexible person with meta-professional competencies, capable to solve complex professional problems and ready for innovative activity not just for today, but with the future in mind - has necessitated a significant updating of the system of vocational training and its reorganisation facilitating the implementation of a formula “lifelong learning”. The solution of problems of education begins with qualitative training of teachers, since the qualities of future professionals - graduates of the educational organisation, primarily depend on the level of teachers’ competencies.

The aim of the present article is to determine the strategic directions of innovative development of vocational education and preparation of highly qualified pedagogical personnel.

Methodology and research methods. The hypothetico-inductive method, theoretic-methodological analysis and synthesis of the content of scientific literature were the major research methods. The research work was carried out on the basis of the principle of convergence, which determines cross-disciplinary and supra-professional communications, acts as a factor of design and a statement in professiology of a new phenomenon - transprofessionalism. The authors described the concept of transprofessionalism through the process- and project-based approaches.

Results and scientific novelty. The developmental trends and directions of vocational education are considered. The principal defining factor of vocational education is close integration of all its processes and subsystems (prevocational training - secondary vocational education - higher education institutions - postgraduate training), which integrity is provided by the continuing and advanced education. The concept of transprofessionalism and convergence in multidisciplinary training of specialists is proved. The innovative educational programmes based on this concept are characterised. The logical-semantic model of a modern specialist is designed. This model can form an empirical basis to design vocational education platform, which integrates socio-humanistic, natural-science disciplines and related innovative technologies for teachers’ training in the system of continuing vocational education. Strategic directions for realisation of such preparation are formulated: transprofessionalism, cooperation / collaboration, advanced and “high-speed” training, digital transformation.

Practical significance. The research materials can be useful for specialists in the field of vocational education, heads of the educational organisations in order to develop and make managerial decisions and to effectively organise the process of vocational training of pedagogical personnel.

Introduction. In modern society, there is a growing demand for the spread of prosocial practices, among which the leading role is given to the volunteer movement. In this regard, the actual pedagogical task is the education of a prosocial person - a member of the public, whose activity is focused on the gratuitous societal service and is resulted from altruistic motives. Students are potential members, who can be involved in such activities. Student community is considered as a special social group, which is characterised by the highest degree of civic activity, the desire for self-organisation and self-realisation in various spheres of life.

The aims of the research presented in the article are to identify and analyse the attitude of youth to different types of volunteering; to justify the need for support and development of the volunteer movement as one of the main conditions for the safe and sustainable existence of society.

Methodology and research methods. The research was based on personal and socio-cognitive approaches to the process of education of the new generation, as well as on the key provisions of the theory of social security. The methods of focus group research, interviews, questionnaires and Internet surveys were employed as tools for information collection. The data obtained were generalised and processed using qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis, including content analysis, percentage analysis, correlation analysis through Pearson coefficient and factor analysis (principal component method, varimax rotation). The calculations were made with the use of the statistical software package SPPS 17.

Results and scientific novelty. The phenomenon of volunteering is considered as an important factor of social solidarity and social trust and as a form of safe prosocial behaviour of the individual. Based on the responses of respondents, who took part in the surveys, typical ideas about the motivation of the volunteer, his or her personal qualities and conditions of familiarising with various volunteer practices are identified, studied and generalised. The authors built up a psychological profile of a modern young man, capable of voluntary selfless acts for the benefit of others. Three groups of factors of formation of prosocial behaviour in the youth environment are allocated: social and ecological, educational and civil, cultural and religious. The types of volunteer activities are ranked according to the degree of their influence on the social well-being of the people around them in society according to the potential of gratuitous benefit for other people. From the perspective of the Russian Government and student community, it was revealed that there are some differences in assessing the potential of volunteerism in terms of the importance of selfless actions that contribute to human well-being in society. Conflicting priorities defined by the survey participants, and, the range of activities proclaimed in the Concept of development of volunteerism (volunteering) in the Russian Federation until 2025, can be connected with students’ insufficient awareness on voluntary projects or can be indicative for the risks of socialisation of young people.

Practical significance. The present research, on the one hand, enriches the field of knowledge about the essence of safe prosocial behaviour of the individual and, on the other hand, this study has a practice-oriented significance, as it can serve as a basis for the development of methods of psychological and pedagogical impact on the development of human readiness for prosocial behaviour, implemented through voluntary activity.

Introduction. The revaluation of the tasks and results of school foreign-language education in our country updated the role of the emotionally-val- uable component (EVC) of the content of foreign-language courses. There is broad agreement that the compliance of its criteria today is the most important prerequisite of foreign languages viability.

The aim of this article is to provide a scientific answer to the question if there is necessary background for the implementation of the EVC of the content of foreign-language education in the current study course “Spotlight”.

Methodology and research methods. As the fundamental methodological tool the emotionally-valuable (axiological) approach to the study was applied. A number of complementary methods were used: a theoretical systemic-structural and comparative analysis; an analytical experiment - the content-analysis of the current English- language study course for a secondary school; a constructive (creative) experiment (experiential learning); a method and principles of visibility (a tabular and graphical presentation of information); methods of mathematical statistics.

Results and scientific novelty. It is proved that the EVC in the linear structure of the school subject “A foreign-language” is able to ensure an integral formation of a student’s personality with developed intellectual, volitional and emoti- onally-valuable spheres. A practical implementation of this component is possible through students’ work with speech patterns of emotionally-valuable context. The indicators of emotional value of teaching materials are selected. The content- analysis of the text library of the study course “Spotlight” showed that it does not fully meet the requirements for super-phrasal units of the EVC, intended to maintain an appropriate level of language skills and encourage the acquisition of various kinds of foreign-language speech activities: speaking, listening, reading and written speech. Therefore, additional adjustment of a number of speech samples is required in order to create all the necessary background for the exploitation of the EVC of the school programme content at different stages of foreign-language training. The results of experiential learning a foreign language, involving carefully selected texts of a sufficient and high degree of emotional value, and the use by teachers of special techniques of work, adequate to the axiological potential of speech samples, prove the appropriateness of such an approach to the organisation of an educational process. The axiological orientation of the training content significantly improves students’ speech activities and contributes to the development of their emotionally-valuable relations with the surrounding world.

Practical significance. The materials in this publication may be in demand when making constructive changes and additions to the content and technologies of school foreign-language education.

Introduction.. The main purpose of pre-university educational institutions of the Ministry of Defence ofRussia, e.g. Suvorov Military Schools, Nakhimov Naval Schools, presidential schools and cadet corps, is to educate graduates, who are highly motivated and sufficiently prepared for military vocational activities, including graduates’ general physical fitness. Successful performance of the task is complicated by the fact that educational process in such organisations has a general educational orientation, which is common for the entire system of school education. However, it is obvious that the specifics of the mission of preuniversity educational institutions of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation requires more intensive physical activities, which improve health and increase physical endurance of students, taking into account their age-specific physiological characteristics. In this regard, it is necessary to develop a variable methodological block as a supplement to an invariant part of the main programme of physical culture, which will be aimed at stimulating the development of motor and power capabilities, skills and professionally significant qualities of future military personnel.

The aim of the research was to select and scientifically justify the introduction of appropriate and effective means for high-school students’ physical education in pre-university educational institutions of the Ministry of Defence ofRussia.

Methodology and research methods. To identify the appropriate ways of solution of the problems of profile physical education of potential officers at the stage pre-professional development, the methodological framework was based on the theory of physical culture and sport, individually-modular approach to the development of the system of professional and applied physical training, its principles and regularities, conceptual provisions of health preservation in adolescence and youth. In the course of the research, the authors thoroughly studied the scientific and methodological sources, regulatory and legal base of the organisation of educational process, questions of its planning and control of all forms and activities of students’ physical training in military schools. The following methods were applied: interview, pedagogical observation, questionnaire survey, technique of entrance and final testing of selection of the research participants, formative experi ment, monitoring, comparative analysis and systematisation of indicators (resultant scores) of sports achievements of examinees. Experimental data were processed by the methods of mathematical statistics.

Results and scientific novelty. The selection of means of physical training in pre-university all-service military and naval educational institutions was made on the basis of theoretical and statistical material of analytical review and collected empirical data and pedagogical experience in 17 pre-university educational institutions of the Ministry of Defence of Russia (n = 607). The list of the most productive means is made. The quantitative ratio of military-applied methods, which positively influence the system of physical training in the 10^th-11^th grades, is established. The pilot testing showed that systematic use of special training exercises of military-applied orientation significantly improves the indicators of physical training of students. The analysis of students’ questionnaires before and after the experiment revealed strengthening of students’ moral stability, growing interest in military science and motivation to studying of an applied training material, as well as significant increase in the number of applicants seeking to continue their training in higher educational institutions of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation and to dedicate their lives to military service. The proposals and practical recommendations on purposeful introduction of complexes of specialised physical exercises and elements of disciplines of military-applied sports to educational process are formulated.

Practical significance. The results of the research can be employed to plan and organise physical training of high-school students of pre-university educational institutions of the Ministry of Defence ofRussia as additional programme and methodological support at the initial stage of military-applied physical training of future military specialists.