Abstract. The authors continue to explore the issue of practical methodology of research studies (Education and Science No 8, 2014). The aim of the study is to reveal theoretical and practical issues of empirical-research activity at the stages of conceptual problem understanding of pedagogical research, ideas promotion, development of the conception of their practical implementation and formation of scientifically grounded constructive hypotheses. 

Methods. The applied methods include theoretical analysis, synthesis, abstraction, idealization, generalization, specification, comparison, classification, extrapolation, modelling and hermeneutic interpretation. 

Results. Scientifically grounded description of the process of creative research of educational problems is presented in the paper. The content of such notions as «concept», «creative core», «idea», «plot», and «research hypothesis» is revealed. The creative core of scientific research is considered in close relation to the key aspects of the scientific inquiry: problematics definition, research topic and subject selection, clarification of initial facts and theoretical statements, definition of the conceptual framework, determination of essential novelty. The authors explore the mechanisms of the scientific research through the analysis of the educational situation and initial facts to the formation of a conceptual framework of research and the further working out of its instrumental component. The creative core of research is characterised as its most difficult element including the inception of idea transformation, its realisation into some conception and expansion into productive hypothesis. The authors describe the types of hypotheses, such as working and scientific (ready), functional and explanatory. The logical and gnoseological structure of a scientific hypothesis is shown in the study. The methodological requirements to the formulation of the scientific hypotheses are described. The probable logic errors of the are characterized. It is given the samples of fundamentally new scientific and pedagogical hypotheses suggested by well-known Russian scientist during the last decades and which have proved its constructivemodified possibilities. The specific examples of failed hypothesis-generating attempts of newcomer researchers are mentioned. 

Scientific novelty. The authors point out the mechanisms of complicated and understudied process of hypothesis-generating, – the hypothesis formation due to mental abilities of a researcher. Complementarity of algorithmic and creative basis of the research activity, projective and reflexive character of scientific and pedagogical search integration are emphasized. Additionally, the authors arrange the common methodological mistakes made by researches during the process of developing the working hypotheses. 

Practical significance. The research findings can help researchers, students, postgraduate students and candidates for a doctor’s degree who master practical methodology scientific and pedagogical search to acquire the specific methods of hypothesizing, its verification and testing. It also can be useful to research adviors in order to enhance the creative strategy and constructiveness under their scientific supervision.

The study is aimed at investigating a justification of the new approach to the problem of vocational education development through the prism of interdependence research methodology and practice. This conceptual setup allows determining the main directions for teacher training modernization of vocational schools. 

The authors note that the current socio-economic situation in our country has actualized the problem of personnel training. Politicians, economists and scientists’ speeches are all about the shortage of skilled personnel. They see the main reason of this catastrophic situation in the present system of primary and secondary vocational education. At least they concern over the current practice of pedagogical personnel training of vocational education who are to restore the system of vocational education. 

Our country, Russia has a great positive experience in solving this problem. Scientific-methodological centre for vocational teacher education is the Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University under the scientific direction of Academician of the Russian Academy of Education, G. M. Romantsev. The reflection of scientifictheoretical bases of this education led the authors to the analysis and designing (formation) of existent and new professional and pedagogical methodology. 

Methods. The fundamental position of A. M. Novikov on the generality of the research (scientific) and practical activity methodology has become the theoretical platform of the present study. Conceptual field, conceptual statements and professional model are presented as the whole system (or integrating factor). The theoretical framework has determined the logic of the study and its results. 

Scientific and educational methodology differentiation in terms of the subject of cognitive activity has allowed identifying the main scientific and practical disciplines of vocational teacher education. 

The creative concept as the subject ground is instrumental analysis of methodology taking into consideration the target orientation, principles and approaches to the organization and its’ methods of scientific and educational activities implementation. 

The qualification structure formation of the teachers’ vocational training and providing advance principles of education are considered to be the most important conditions for the development of vocational teacher education. 

Scientific novelty. The research demonstrates creating the project of further vocational teacher education development in the post-industrial society. 
The pedagogical innovations transforming research findings into educational practice are considered to be the main tool of integration methodology means. 

Practical significance. The research findings highlight the proposed reforms for further teachers training system development of vocational institutes, which are in need of drastic restructuring. 

In the final part of the article the authors recommend some specific issues that can be discussed at the methodological workshop.

The aim of the study is to present new methods of quality results assessment of the education corresponding to requirements of Federal State Educational Standards (FSES) of the Third Generation developed for the higher school. The urgency of search of adequate tools for quality competency measurement and its elements formed in the course of experts’ preparation are specified. 

Methods. It is necessary to consider interference of competency components such as knowledge, abilities, possession in order to make procedures of assessment of students’ achievements within the limits of separate discipline or curriculum section more convenient, effective and exact. While modeling of component structure of the disciplinary competence the testable design of components is used; the approach borrowed from technical diagnostics. 

Results. The research outcomes include the definition and analysis of general iterative methodology for testable designing component structure of the disciplinary competence. Application of the proposed methodology is illustrated as the example of an abstract academic discipline with specified data and index of labour requirement. Methodology restrictions are noted; practical recommendations are given. 

Scientific novelty. Basic data and a detailed step-by-step implementation phase of the proposed common iterative approach to the development of disciplinary competence testable component structure are considered. Tests and diagnostic tables for different options of designing are proposed. 

Practical significance. The research findings can help promoting learning efficiency increase, a choice of adequate control devices, accuracy of assessment, and also efficient use of personnel, temporal and material resources of higher education institutions. Proposed algorithms, methods and approaches to procedure of control results organization and realization of developed competences and its components can be used as methodical base while designing the computerassisted system for educational process management and quality supervision of graduates’ competences. 

The scope and role of independent work of students have considerably increased according to Federal State Educational Standards (FSES) developed for Highest Vocational Education. The described approach to measurement of components development quality of disciplinary competencies can form base for creating the effective tool set of students’ self-assessment. 

The research objective is to study students’ abilities to predict and build own (individual) professional future, i.e. setting professional problems, defining the ways of their realisation, adequate estimating their own possibilities; an interrelation establishment between the designated abilities and educational success at vocational training stage. 

Methods. Theoretical methods include review and analysis of the approaches to studying the issues of life perspectives of personality in foreign and Russian science. Practical research methods involve the empirical analysis of products, results and quality of students’ activity (the content-analysis of the essay content based on the set theme, monitoring of educational achievements and revealing of abilities to combine educational and professional experience). Research has an ascertaining character. Processing of the received data was conducted by means of the computer program «Package SPSS-17»; the parametrical method of comparison and the criterion Student-t were used for independent samples; the criterion Pearson’s chi-squared test (x2) and contingency tables were applied while analyzing the nominative data. 

Results and scientific novelty. The research data have proved that the pupils with the ability and readiness for designing of the individual professional future during vocational training have the following skills: they can accurately formulate their professional purposes; they can determine the ways of its achievement correctly and efficiently; these students realize the importance of own activity in the course of professional evolvement; and they demonstrate higher educational and professional achievements becoming more qualified experts. 

Practical significance. Implementation of the research outcomes specifies urgency for modern young men and their abilities to plan own professional development path. It is necessary to work out specific educational program or curricula on knowledge and skills designing formation of the students’ professional future since the requirement for such abilities is intensified under the conditions of uncertainty and rapidly changing environment. Training to individual or independent planning of advancement in professional occupation will allow improving the education quality of higher education institutions and colleges.

Article retracted

The aim of the research is to present the authors’ rehabilitation and development concept of identity of the defendant. Modern penal system instead of resocialization initiates person desocialization, i.e. isolation of the people who have offended against the law, does not promote their rehabilitation and reeducation. Due to external macro-isolation the defendant at all desire can not be isolated from criminogenic micro-society of the custodial institution, where he/she serves the sentence. Long stay in such position often leads to destruction of the person’s standard-valuable sphere and recidivism of asocial behaviour. Providing defendants with possibility of distant vocational training in a higher educational institution as one of the possible variants of positive socialization in extreme conditions of the restraint is given by the authors of this paper. 

Methods. Longitudinal method has been used during the long experiment on defendants’ socialization providing them with higher education. Quantitative measures have been carried out on the basis of monitoring and the statistic data of comparative analysis of its standard-valuable characteristics of the trainable and non-trainable defendants. Expert estimations of correctional officers and teachers or tutors of the higher school (the Modern University for the Humanities) and in-depth interviews with former defendants ended high school have been used too. 

Results and scientific novelty. The phenomenon essence of penal isolation is found out. The external and internal factors defining the process of defendants’ socialization/desocialization in correctional institution are mentioned. Religion and penal education are highlighted as the most effective and positive factors. The principles of person’s rehabilitation on the basis of getting higher education by defendants are formulated: the extremity principle, the congruence principal, the balance principle between the personal isolation and social communication. The compensatory mechanism of social-psychological defendant’s alienation and the innovative mechanism of process management of their positive socialization are described. The authors of the research present the results of their own program realization for the prisoner’s socialization that has successfully passed approbation in 33 correctional institutions of the Samara region. 

Practical significance. The authors of the present study hope that their experience on overcoming of socially-psychological barriers of defendants’ socialization, corrections of their behaviour, preventive maintenance of criminal displays recidivism will receive more a widespread occurrence and will allow the persons serving the sentence to gain an opportunity of a worthy life in the society. 

The aim of the study is to show and analyze the situation and aspects of work with gifted children and teenagers that are aimed at preservation of a gene pool of the country; and revealed to be the most important condition of formation of the future highly professional elite in Russia. The most efficient forms of establishing such activities are emphasized; the basic psychological and pedagogical methods of this activity are shown. The most important qualities of schoolaged children that are notable for not ordinary mental abilities are noted in the present study. 

Methods and techniques. The article presents the results of the empirical sociological survey of senior schoolchildren and the results of the sample survey of senior students undertaken in five regions of the Ural Federal District. The software package for statistical analysis (SPSS) was used for data evaluation. 

Scientific novelty. Federal and regional infrastructure oriented to work with gifted children is considered in the study; the ways of efficiency assessment are investigated. The concept «elite school (high-class)» is refined. The sociological portrait of the senior pupil trained in specially created establishment of the elite general education is presented. 

Results. The authors pay special attention to the analysis of the focused work with gifted children and teenagers in the Tyumen region. A special focus is laid on the Academic Gymnasium of Tyumen State University that was included in the list of top 25 secondary schools of Russia. Spiritually-moral values and social-professional choices of senior students both of an elite gymnasium and ordinary secondary schools are revealed and compared in the course of sociological research. It is found out that gymnasium schoolchildren are remarkable for their social optimistic approach to their life, they are more pragmatic in the issues of their future professional preferences, and moreover, they are active in their choices and career guidance. But there are also some negative issues that have to be adjusted within educational work. It is important to achieve as more as possible adequate, realistic student’ self-estimation of their potential and possibilities; to take steps for number decrease «potential migrants» among the most talented part of youth. 

Practical significance. The research results can be used while deepening the scope of knowledge on the sociological graduates’ portrait of elite or high-class educational institutions. These results can also lay the basis for undertaking some steps that would make the native city and the region more attractive for talented youth. The research methodology can be used by scholars in the field of sociology, psychology and pedagogics for pre-arranged and strategic researches implementation. 

Abstract. The objective of the study is to show advantages of the method of e-projects. According to the authors of the publication, e-project based approach is a promising form of blended learning in universities. 

Methods. The authors pesent the technology of professional competencies formation of future teachers during the teaching process of the discipline «English language» on the basis of the analysis and generalisation of existing sources on blended learning and the free Web application Moodle that allows organising e-training. The Expert Group Appraisal method was used to define levels and components of the competencies. 

Scientific novelty. Introducing e-project as a part of students’ self-study in English for Special Purposes (ESP) curriculum is especially beneficial if the following objectives are stated: strengthening cross-curriculum knowledge that implies deepening and acquiring new knowledge both in English and in disciplines that are important for future profession; and developing professional information and communication (ICT) competency. 

Results. This paper presents the experience of executing one of the e-projects in the educational process practice, allowing students not only to acquire professional English competency but also to learn how to create e-courses in Moodle by their own and strengthen their knowledge in modern information and communication space. The article describes the implementation of e-project based approach for teaching English for future teachers (bachelor students) in Kalashnikov Izhevsk Technical University. This paper presents the experience of executing one of the e-projects that was made by one of the students. 

Practical significance. The research outcomes and recommendations can be used for effective implementation of e-project based approach for teaching English in higher vocational institutions. 

Abstract. The research aim is to reveal diagnostics possibilities of incompleteness of subsequent visual scanning and holistic strategy of an identification of the visual cues affected on successful children reading skills formation. 

Methods. While working out the diagnostic methodology of deterioration of reading skills (dyslexia), the author relies on the ontogenetic principles (from simple to complicated), integrity, system approach and fundamental principles on common principles of speech development (B. G. Anan’ev, L. I. Beljakova, N. I. Zhinkin, A. A. Leont’ev, T. N. Ushakova). Besides the principles of specific pedagogics, the author uses general pedagogical principles as presentation, accessibility, consciousness, concretenesses, an individual approach, stage-by-stage skills formation, etc. The methods of direct application on defective activity and didactic information (selection and arrangement are considered). 

Results. The author specifies the characteristics of visual perception affected on successful reading skills acquirement of schoolchildren during the period of primary education due to the detection of suppositions to deterioration of their reading skills (dyslexia) and graded-correctional effect on them. The types of visual scanning or search such as consistent field of gaze fixation from left to right and the chaotic search presented with «spasmodic» returnable eye movements. Additionally, the strategies of a visual identification are defined: holistic (a complete identification of hierarchically organised visual cues) and analytical (element-by-element recognition). It is proved that in the course of training to reading children gradually go over from chaotic to the consecutive search necessary for right-hand visual scanning of the text; and from analytical strategy to holistic. Retardation of visual perception development (shown in absence of the given transition) causes occurrence of dyslexia. 

Scientific novelty. The author presents own developed and tested diagnostic methodology that allows finding out an underlying risk for dyslexia emergence; it is related to chaotic visual search and analytical strategy of an identification of printed characters. The traditional method of coping with the reading skills defect is updated with new methods and techniques of correctional actions which are directed at visual perception improvement. 

Practical significance. Proposed diagnostic methods can be used by speech therapists or speech-language pathologists of general education institutions for early detection and warning of the reading skills defect.

Abstract. The aim of the research is to investigate a current state of the US higher education and to show obstacles in a way of its innovative perfection; to reveal specificity of the US state policy concerning the higher school; to define factors that influence the effectiveness of the American research universities during the last decades. 

Methods. The author applies for methods of the retrospective and logic analysis while considering social and economic conditions and features of functioning of the American higher educational institutions during the latter half of 20th – the early 21st centuries. Conclusions on a condition and prospects of development of the US higher education are made on the basis of the review and the author’s interpretation of original documentary sources tenor and the official statistical data. 

Results. The author specifies the groups of factors that provide functioning efficiency of leading research universities of the USA. The research findings demonstrate that the diversification of funding sources, the concentration of talents in professorial, scientific, student communities, the guarantee of the academic mobility, and the favorable management structure of the US universities allow to lower dependence on economic instability, to provide development dynamism and adequately react to present calls. The characteristic of the system developed in the present period of the US higher education is given; the directions of its innovative development in modern conditions are defined. 

Scientific novelty. The author singles out and proves the problems of the US higher school caused by an economic crisis in the early 21st century and essentially affected the state strategy in educational management sphere and the corporate policy of high schools, taking into consideration the inescapable fact that features of the US higher education system are caused by aspiration of this state to hold the leading positions in the world community. The contradictions of innovative development of higher education of the USA are revealed. The author notes that universities raise a student fee focusing on well-off students in an effort to stabilize its financial position forces as it negatively affects the formation of an intellectual potential of the country. On the one hand, accessibility (massification) of higher education due to distant technologies provides international popularity to the US universities; on the other hand, it lowers the education quality. 

Practical significance. Implementation of the research outcomes while studying the positive foreign experience and judgements of the American colleagues in strategy of management adoption and the higher school organisation will help the Russian ones to find own way of rational and effective modernization of vocational training.

The research is aimed at emphasizing the updating necessity of pastoral work in Russian schools and universities due to changed economic, social and ideological conditions of development of a society. 

Methods. The research involves the method of socially-pedagogical analysis of current issues in the Russian upbringing and educational system. 

Results. The author gives own representation of upbringing process, as contextual, complex, system-directed and sociocultural effect on a human being that is conformed to the person, society and state development. It has been affirmed that upbringing process is to outgrow in self-education and strategy development of the realised self-restrictions caused by conventional values and morality norms. The author considers the reasons of the current crisis of educational activity; the solution ways are proposed. 

Scientific novelty. The research findings give a detailed analysis of modern educational system status that is caused by the “pressure” of modern pedagogics; the author finds out and enumerated the reasons of weak sociocultural of pedagogic society leadership and initiativity. The author proposes the new conception of upbringing activity based on liberally-democratic vision of society structure that provides an opportunity to define the process of world perception formation and active stance towards life of a "cultivated" person. 

Practical significance. Implementation of the research recommendations can be useful for efficient upbringing activity management that is to unite all the members of educational process.