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The Education and science journal

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No 1 (2016)
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https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2016-1

GENERAL EDUCATION

4-20 1960
Abstract

The aim of the study is to allocate in the content of teaching mathematics those elements, those kinds of mathematical cognitive activities that are metasubject character, which are the basis for the formation of cognitive learning activities, as a means to study not only of mathematical objects, but some objects of other sciences.

Methods. Research is based on a system-structural and activity-based approaches; literature analysis, theoretical research and experimental work.

Results. Among of metasubject results of studying mathematics, the following types of mathematical schemes of thinking are identified: logical, algorithmic, combinatory, figurative-geometrical, stochastic. The characteristic is given; the specifics of each type of mathematical structures of thinking are described. The main means of the formation of such schemes is the decision of the respective types of non-standard tasks.

Scientific novelty. The author gives a theoretical justification of the role of mathematical thinking schemes as metasubject results of training and points out funds for their formation in educational activity.

Practical significance. The perspective directions of accents change in the content of training of mathematics directed on increase in training of a role of mathematical schemes of thinking as bases of formation of universal informative cognitive actions are emphasized.

QUALIMETRIC APPROACH IN EDUCATION

21-33 1277
Abstract

The paper aims to describe the taxonomic model as a multifunction matrix which ensures classifying educational information, educational reference materials, and students on the base of their competencies development level in the framework of the Federal State Educational Standards.

Methods. The methods are based on qualimetric approach involving pedagogical expertise of matrix elements based on the Expert Group Appraisal method.

Results. The paper presents methods and mathematical tools for assessing the ranking of cells of multifunctional matrix used for classifying the pedagogical objects.

Scientific novelty. The paper introduces a new taxonomic model that solves the problem of educational standards measurability when implementing the competency-based approach in higher education.

Practical significance. The taxonomic model and its application methods described in the study can be used for specifying and assessing the degree of achieving competency-based learning outcomes in higher education.

VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

34-50 1105
Abstract

The aim of the study is to discuss the maintenance of the educational programs for mathematical disciplines existing at the higher school and problems of teaching mathematics at training of specialists of the engineering directions.

Activity and competence basis of mathematical education of engineers can not be increased within a tough part of the conservative academic programs in mathematics. Program in mathematics for undergraduate engineering training areas do not meet the needs of engineering professional education. They meet the requirements of educational standards only in form, but in fact, are copies of traditional academic programs of the last century. Absence of accurate recommendations about reconstruction of mathematical chairs of curricula, operating decades habitual for teachers, leads only to formal mechanical reduction of the hours which are taken away on studying of the demanded sections and subjects.

Methods. The methods involve analysis, generalization, and written anonymous survey among students.

Results and scientific novelty. Analysis of existing programs, the results of their assimilation, and the teaching of mathematics in general leads to the need to put forward new real principles of the program of mathematical disciplines. As such new principles of selection of the content of mathematical preparation the principles of lacunarity, reliability, minimalism, selectivity and ICT-support are offered. The methods of realization of these principles are the following: analysis of competences, analysis of scientific articles and theses on group of the scientific specialties connected with the directions of training, carrying out analogies, interviewing of key experts and teachers, expert estimates, formalization of requirements, etc. Restructuring of mathematics programs is designed to develop logical and algorithmic thinking of engineering students; to cultivate an applied mathematical culture; formation of insight and erudition in mathematics application.

Practical significance. Research implications may be useful to managers and training specialists of Mathematical Departments of technical universities, program builders in mathematics and educational standards in engineering fields.

50-75 1841
Abstract

The aim of the study is to describe a research relying on the capabilities of networking, which improves the quality of vocational training of skilled workers that are intended to work with new hi-tech equipment.

Methods. Methods of system and comparative analysis, modeling, synthesis and generalization are used. Specification of the model of workers training offered by authors is carried out on the basis of deep interviews to experts – the representatives of the large enterprises who are carrying out training of the personnel.

Results. Social and pedagogical contradictions are revealed, on the one hand, in the growing need for highly professional personnel for hi-tech productions, and, on the other hand, in insufficiently effective countermeasures of the system of vocational education and training on closing actual requirements of productions. The discrepancies reducing the quality of preparation of skilled workers are revealed by comparative analysis of competences based on an ideal competence model of the trainer and teacher of VET with the competences presented in educational both professional standards and the discussed projects. Characteristics of the existing pedagogical process in the hi-tech production environment are described. For the purpose of quality improvement of the pedagogical process, the network format of interactions of the enterprise, educational and the business organizations is offered.

Scientific novelty. The concept «pedagogical process» for the purpose of making it more instrumental is specified; it joins a technological process and the design of its ideal model for the hi-tech production environment. The unique network project including design and development of innovative manuals and teaching materials for the welding equipment of Fronius International GmbH.

Practical significance. The research results can be useful to the management of staff development and career advancement of hi-tech productions, and VET providers when the quality of training of skilled workers, trainers and teachers of VET is to be improved.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION

76-94 1866
Abstract

The aim of the study is to present the model of interaction of university and business corporations in uniform information and educational space, which consists of the uniform requirements to the contents and quality of education and requirements of science; education and business are equally satisfied.

Methods. The methods involve summing up the results of the national and international researchers’ findings on the problem of vocational pedagogical education; methods of expert survey and system analysis.

Results. The information research results disclosing the drawbacks of the existing online-education technologies are presented. There is also a presentation of online-platform concept «The University of the 3rd Millennium» where modern university is considered as a service provider responsible for corporate education. Outsourcing will allow the companies to cut their expenses on employee education programs, while universities will accumulate additional resources by means of developing and selling innovative educational products. The additional funds will enable the university to carry out scientific research, to effectively implement post graduates’ employment programs, to introduce innovations.

Scientific novelty. The authors define «as is» competences, which the university must have to launch this online-platform project, and «as to be» competences, which every university is to master to successfully implement the project. Internal high-risk systemic tensions and external challenges facing the platform are defined; strategic matrix of their intersection is developed. The latter allowed the authors to specify essential tasks which demand solution within the project. There is also a description of interconnection of the defined tasks with the «as to be» competences, and a Canvas model of the suggested online platform.

Practical significance: The authors of the article propose the model of business and education interaction, within which state institutions and local authorities, enterprises and companies with different patterns of ownership will pass corporate education to a modern university, effectively fulfilling the functions of a research, educational and consultative center in many fields.

The research results proving readiness of the heads of the companies and organizations (Moscow, St.-Petersburg, Lipetsk, Chelyabinsk, Kostroma) to outsource their corporate education to universities prove that the offered solution is more appropriate than the existing alternatives (systems of additional education in universities, MOOC, corporate universities).

95-108 1428
Abstract

The aim of the study is to discuss organizational and methodical bases of formation of ICT competence graduate in the third stage of higher education.

Methods. Theoretical methods involve analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison and classification methods, and empirical method of observation.

Results. Trends in the selection of the content of the educational program of graduate students at the third level of higher education in the formation of IT competence are presented: education of the valuable relation to the use of IT in professional activities; the formation of readiness to use IT in education and scientific research; the development of IT skills for processing and visualization of experimental data; modeling of processes and phenomena of professional activities; preparation of the teaching staff to the creation of a new information and educational environment among educational organizations; the development of new social and educational role, forming a system of knowledge and skills of students in the field of information; the development of ready-to-use information technology in the management of education. The discipline content «Information and communication technologies in education and research activities» is selected in accordance with a preferred direction of formation of IT competence. Target indicators and indicators of graduates’ IT competences are developed.

Scientific novelty. The concept of IT competence of the teaching staff is introduced. The model of discipline «Information and communication technologies in education and research activities» is designed on the basis of evolutionary development of ICT competence of graduate students in the two-level system of higher education content.

Practical significance. The proposed content of the course «Information and communication technologies in education and research activities» which is the basis for the formation of IT competence of the teaching staff at the third level of higher education, allows to generate future teachers’ and researchers’ skills integration of different types of activity (training, educational research, educational, methodical, scientific research, organizational) within a unified methodology based on the use of IT.

THE HUMANITIES IN EDUCATION

109-117 1973
Abstract

The aim of the study is to justify the need of teaching students how to use communicative skills in foreign language during the job interview; to demonstrate how to form the corresponding verbal competences based on the analysis of the certain communicative situation.

Methods. The complex of complementary research methods are used in order to achieve the set goal: theoretical methods – analysis, synthesis, generalization of research papers; empirical methods – discourse-analysis of institutional communication; methods of data collection and storage; experimental methods – experimental learning, implementation.

Results and scientific novelty. It is shown how to build up pupils’ competence of speech behavior during business dialogue, proceeding from a communicative situation. For the first time the job interview was described from the communicative point of view (strategic goals and verbal behavior of both communicators) based on the recordings of real job interviews.

Practical significance. The study results presented in the paper may be used in direct teaching communicative skills at the job interview, in theoretical courses (delivering lectures on cross-cultural education, teaching foreign languages, the language of the specialty, etc.).

HEALTH SAVING TECHNOLOGIES

118-132 3261
Abstract

The aim of the study is the rationale for the changes assessment criteria student performance in physical education on the basis of individualtypological variants of age development.

The main task of PE lessons is formation of steady need for systematic occupations by physical exercises. However, there is an obvious tendency of interest decrease of school students to occupations by physical culture and their extremely low physical activity that is reflected on health of younger generation. The common unified requirements for control standards don't promote development of motivation to occupations by physical culture of considerable part of school students. The obligatory accounting of specific features of age development is necessary for optimization of the organization of physical training.

Methods. Motor abilities of school students are studied based on the measurements of the strength, strength endurance, speed and power abilities, speed, and aerobic endurance. The general physical development of each student is calculated by transferring the absolute values of the test points in the program «Presidential race». Dynamics of general physical development is calculated by comparing the indicators of physical development at the beginning and the end of the school year.

The study of mental abilities of 8, 10, and 11th grade pupils is carried out by R. Amthauer tests adopted by L. A. Yasukova, and the study of mental abilities of 6th grade students is carried out by intellectual test (GIT). Typological peculiarities of manifestation of the nervous system properties – the power of the nervous system, mobility of excitation and inhibition, the balance on the «external» and «internal» balance sheets are investigated with the use of arbitrary motor methodologies proposed by E. P. Ilyin.

Results. It is experimentally established that during adolescence there is a mismatch in time of the dynamics peaks of motor abilities and intelligence. So, the sixth graders dynamics of motor abilities development is significantly higher for students with low dynamics of intelligence, from which it follows that at the age of 12–13 years high pace of development of motor abilities coincides with relatively less dynamic intelligence, and vice versa.

As they mature in 8–11th grade the overall view changes - high dynamics of motor abilities development coincides with the high dynamics of intelligence. However, it is found out that students in 6th grade with a strong nervous system and the predominance of excitation of internal balance have a higher dynamics of development of motor abilities with the background of low dynamics of intelligence. On the contrary, sixth grade pupils with relatively weak nervous system and the predominance of inhibition on the internal balance characteristic have shown better dynamics of intelligence and low dynamics of motor abilities development.

Consequently, there is reason to believe that during adolescence, biological factors influence much on the ratio of the dynamics of mental and motor areas of the personality. As a result, some teens dominate the development of the mental sphere, while the others dominate in the motor one. In this regard, common unified control standards and requirements do not correspond to the development of motivation for physical education lessons for a specific part of the students.

Scientific novelty. The scientific experimental data on the ratio of the dynamics of development of motor abilities and intellect in the process of growing boys, different typological features of the nervous system properties are presented for the first time. The obtained experimental data can serve as a basis for the development of differentiated criteria for evaluating student performance in physical education classes.

Practical significance. The results of the study can serve as a basis for the development of new approaches to students’ assessment during physical education lessons. Materials of research can be useful to PE teachers and training specialists. Reorientation of assessment system of pupils’ achievements at PE lessons on specific features of age development will allow leveling down negative attitude of children to physical exercises.

ТОЧКА ЗРЕНИЯ

133-144 1499
Abstract

ARTICLE RETRACTED

The aim of the paper – the detailed analysis of the monograph «Contents and Structure of Regularities of Process of Training (Theory and Experiment)» which is written by the corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Education (RAE), Doctor of pedagogical sciences, Professor I. I. Logvinov. The book was included into a series «Basic researches of institute of the theory and history of pedagogics of the Russian Academy of Education. Proceedings 2008–2012».

The review of the monograph of I. I. Logvinov has become a reason for reflections of the author of the present publication about actual, most burning issues of a modern Russian educational system: on the status of pedagogics in modern domestic science; evolutions of didactic knowledge and its typology; quality of dissertation researches and emasculation in scientific pedagogical concepts of the fundamental bases; ideologization of didactics and a role of the state in this process.

Sorting basic thesis of I. I. Logvinov’s work, in something agreeing, and in something arguing with the scientist, the author of article claims that it is a serious and necessary work where the extremely important questions concerning the most painful points of the Russian pedagogical science and a condition of our education in general are brought up.

DISCUSSIONS

145-158 1512
Abstract

The aim of the research is to analyze and summarize the Russian best practices of using the publication activity as a criterion to assess the professional activity of the academic staff; to identify the role of motivational factors as a method to manage and control the publication activity of the academic staff.

Methods. The authors address the methodology of comprehensive research based on the method of document analysis, comparative analysis, and method of secondary use of sociological and psychological data.

Results and scientific novelty concludes in presenting Russian and international best practices generalized on using the publication activity to assess the engagement of HEI (Higher Educational Institution) academic staff; the most appropriate formats of using the publication activity as a criterion to assess the research component of the academic staff engagement are defined. Degree of reliability of this criterion is shown – its strengths and shortcomings. The conclusion is drawn on need of the essential changes in management of publication activity affecting both professional and motivational spheres of scientific and pedagogical staff. The most acceptable options of measurement of staff work efficiency of this category are formulated.

Practical significance. The research outcomes can be the corpus for designing the assessment method for the professional engagement of the academic staff.

CONSULTATIONS

159-169 1262
Abstract

The purpose of the article is summarizing the experience and determination of the main vectors of educational work organization and implementation in a technical university as a multi-level educational complex (MEC).

Methods. Theoretical methods such as the analysis of scientific literature, the synthesis of the main concepts and approaches to the problem under consideration, the generalization of experience are used.

The results and scientific novelty. A long-term positive experience of educational system constructing in Penza State Technological University as a multi-level educational complex is presented. On its basis the main vectors of the educational work organization and implementation in a modern multi-level educational organization of a technical profile are determined: the formation of social competence of students, pedagogical support of their adaptation and professional selfdetermination, the student government development. The complex of the programs developed by the authors to educate young students in a technical university as a multi-level educational complex is characterized. Their realization involves a phased implementation of the initial diagnosis, constructive, transformative, evaluative and productive activities. The necessity of the organization and implementation of additional psychological and pedagogical training of teachers who do not have the basic pedagogical education as a condition for the effective implementation of the programs developed and put into educational practice in a multi-level educational organization of a technical profile is determined.

Practical significance. The presented materials can be used in the educational practice of multi-level educational complexes of a technical profile as well as in other educational institutions of vocational education.

169-179 1193
Abstract

Article purpose – to open the ways of introduction of the Chinese students who are trained in Chinese pedagogical higher education institutions to musical culture of Russia.

Methods. The paper is based on ideas of extrapolation of the Russian and Chinese teachers about interrelation of arts and types of art activity of children in the process of vocational performing cello training of future music teachers at pedagogical universities of China; the traditional methods and means of music education that proved the efficiency in pedagogics of professional music education in Russia. The research methods involve the analysis, generalization of literature, the analysis of a condition of modern process of professional pedagogical education of future music teachers at universities of China and Russia.

Results: The methods and means of introduction of the Chinese students – future music teachers to cello musical culture of Russia are shown on the basis of interrelation of arts and different means of art activities, and mastering at cello fingering techniques. It is noted that such means and ways serve mutual enrichment of national cultures, and strengthening of international relations.

Scientific novelty. The most effective methods of vocational training of music teachers are revealed: polyart education that is based on comparison of different types of art (music, poetry, dance, theater, the fine arts) and search of their crossing for deeper penetration into plasticity of intonations of a piece of music; the method of a retrospective and prospect consisting in the comparative analysis of the classical, borrowed from an arsenal recognized masters and modern manners of performance and ways of training at fingering and playing the chosen musical instrument; the method of the Russian teacher, musician and composer D. B. Kabalevsky based on perception and reflection about music, expanding ideas of the range of bag, opportunities of interpretation of a piece of music, specifics of individual equipment and its esthetic features of each musician. Basic abstracts which are offered to be created by students in the course of such reflection can be used further by them in real professional activity as the main material for the musical analysis of works at school lessons.

Practical significance. Recommendations on the ways realization of polyart education, method of prospect and a retrospective, perception and reflection of music and also modern tutorials of students are offered: the computer, a movie camera for vocational training of future music teachers who are trained in cello performance.



ISSN 1994-5639 (Print)
ISSN 2310-5828 (Online)