The publication purpose is to plan perspective directions of pedagogical research activity.

Methods. The analysis and generalisation of the situation fully developed in the Russian education and pedagogical science for the last quarter of the century.

It is proved that the low demand of results of pedagogical researches is caused not only by full subordination of a science to departmental interests and inquiries, inability and unwillingness of officials to listen to opinion and conclusions of scientists, but also low quality of considerably increased stream of dissertational works and the publications which authors aspire to avoid sharp, socially significant problems.

Theorists not too actively oppose dominations of formalism, petty official guardianship, the paper and computer-based data reporting. As a result, practice is also out of order – plenty of important issues are lost in the educational plan, the preparation of qualified engineering and personnel, and knowledge on natural-scientific disciplines; leading position of the Russian education in a world ranking concerning development of creative abilities of oncoming generation is lost. Under «the optimisation» slogan, unreasoned decisions with not counted risks, focused on illusive momentary benefits and heedless of the delayed social effects are made.

Results and scientific novelty. Measures on real support of scientific and pedagogical schools, on education of methodological culture of supervisors of studies and scientific consultants are offered. It is referred to the establishment of regional centres of science on the basis of leading universities under the authority of the Russian Academy of Education. The long-term experience of activity of the Centre on the basis of scientific and pedagogical school of the Tyumen State University is presented as an example.

Practical significance. The author points out the approximate subjects required by practice and the perspective scientific themes providing real but not a declarative priority of education in the state development; it will allow the country to overcome the development gap behind the best world educational standards.

The aim of the article is to develop and prove the procedure of practical oriented graduate training model based on bringing the educational situation to the conditions of professional activity.

Methods. The methods involve comparative analysis of documents (professional and Federal State Educational Standard papers); analysis of domestic and foreign literature on the problem of vocational teacher education, professional-pedagogical training modeling.

Results. Inadequacy in the requirements for professional teacher competence identified by professional and Federal State Educational Standards has been revealed. Based on the Master’s programme «Methodology and methods of social education» as an example, the method of educational programs development is described on the basis of underlining professional labor actions that meet the requirements of the profession.

Scientific novelty. The contradictions of practice-oriented training in the context of the university education are identified; the ways of the contradictions elimination through the use of the university educational environment opportunities were justified.

Practical significance. The practical significance lies in the justification of the procedure of professional training cluster model constructing. The description of the sequential steps required for the practice-oriented educational program development is given.

The purpose of authors – the colleagues cooperating within the Russian-German working group on vocational education – is to determine features of the German dual system of vocational education and training (VET) which make it effective and popular not only in Germany, but also in the world.

Methods. In the presented article the methodology of comparative research on the basis of the analysis of results of activity of Slovakia, Italy, South Korea, Russia and other countries on reforming of VET system on the basis of experience of Germany is used. Methods of collecting empirical information on the projects started in the specified countries, methods of the conceptual and terminological analysis, interpretation and modeling, a problem method are chosen.

Results. Specifics of the German dual system are revealed; the generalized model of dual VET is constructed; features of approaches of the different countries to use positive experience of Germany for development of its own VET systems are characterized.

Scientific novelty. The authors point out the consecutive justification of the conditions necessary for quality vocational education in modern market economy relying on results of the comparative analysis of reforming processes of VET systems in different countries.

Practical significance. Need of public-private partnership as bases of quality of personnel preparation and ensuring economic competitiveness of the countries is shown and concrete ways of creation of such partnership in a number of the Russian regions are described. The experience presented above can be used throughout the Russian Federation.

The aim of the paper is to present author’s model for bachelors – future teachers of vocational training. The model is been worked out from the standpoint of qualimetric approach and provides a pedagogical training.

Methods. The process is based on the literature analysis of externship organization for students in higher education and includes the SWOT-analysis techniques in pedagogical training. The method of group expert evaluation is the main method of pedagogical qualimetry. Structural components of professional pedagogical competency of students-future teachers are defined. It allows us to determine a development level and criterion of estimation on mastering programme «Vocational training (branch-wise)».

Results. This article interprets the concept «pedagogical training»; its basic organization principles during students’ practice are stated. The methods of expert group formation are presented: self-assessment and personal data.

Scientific novelty. The externship organization model for future teachers is developed. This model is based on pedagogical training, using qualimetric approach and the SWOT-analysis techniques. Proposed criterion-assessment procedures are managed to determine the developing levels of professional and pedagogical competency.

Practical significance. The model is introduced into pedagogical training of educational process of Kalashnikov’s Izhevsk State Technical University, and can be used in other similar educational establishments.

Educational environment today is one of the most effective mediums for self-development and acquisition of new competencies. But due to its structural complexity this environment is highly stressful. However, up to now there are no procedures that would diagnose complex formations (eg, disposition) of the defensive and coping behavior in the educational environment. Therefore, the aim of this investigation is to close this gap.

Methods. After analyzing the existing problems of the theoretical aspects of psychological defense mechanisms of defensive and coping behavior, and taking as a basis the theory of protective dispositions and coping behavior different ways were allocated to show these dispositions in the educational environment.

Scientific novelty. The personality questionnaire «Dispositions of defensive and coping behavior in the educational environment» is designed. This questionnaire has sufficient level of validity and reliability. A total of 402 people took part herein the study including different stages.

Practical significance. The ready-made questionnaire can be applied by teachers who want to improve the quality of educational process. It will also be useful for students seeking to understand and eliminate the possible cause of own difficulties encountered while studying.

RETRACTED ARTICLE

The purpose of the paper is to develop a theoretical model conjugation of personal and professional mobility on the high school teachers’ example. Specific research problems of the study are to analyze the correlation properties of the mobile identity and mobile professional; the possibilities of forming professional mobility of teachers in the absence or underdevelopment of personal preconditions for mobility; search the features that can compensate this deficiency.

Methods. The study is based on a theoretical analysis of different methodological approaches to the description of the personal and professional mobility. Also there were used the results of non-formal interview which was aimed at identifying the characteristics of the mobile professional teacher of high school.

Results and scientific novelty. The concepts of «personal mobility» and «professional mobility» are clarified. Personal mobility is defined in the work as an integrative personal qualities, based on the individual properties (activity, plasticity, flexibility, adaptability, high energy source) and manifests itself in the behavior and activities of the entity in the form of commitment, independence, openness to new experience, creativity and motivation for self-development, speed decisionmaking. Professional mobility is interpreted as a strategy to adapt to the changing conditions of professional activity, which is a special case of the general personal life strategy.

Psychological readiness for pedagogical activity is considered as a link between the personal and professional mobility. Nine types of teacher's professional mobility, emerging as a result of different levels of personal mobility combined with the severity of psychological readiness for pedagogical activity are described.

Practical significance. The analysis of the conjugacy problem of personal and professional mobility creates an informational basis for prolonged work on the formation of professional mobility behavior of the high school teacher, the main focus of which is the development of technologies for psychological support of the formation of psychological readiness for activity as a mediating link between the personal and professional mobility.

The purpose of article is to justify the implementation studentcentered education based on educational roadmaps. The projective strategy to model the educational system aimed at results from the position of studentcentered education is applied in order to construct a methodical system of subject preparation of students. The concept «educational roadmap» as a means of individualization and improving the quality of education in the projective methodical system is introduced. Educational roadmap is the individual student's learning path based on the free choice of means, forms and methods of training for achieving the desired educational goals. It can be used effectively in the presence of the variety of electronic resources and e-learning tools. The effectiveness of student-centered education is provided by the possibility of constructing different options of educational roadmaps, its control and management.

It is shown that the use of educational roadmaps in a specially created information educational environment provides an implementation of the principles of student-centered education.

The aim is to work out innovative ways of the organisation of students’ work with the text in the electronic environment – in a network the Internet, on other various electronic data storage devices – material devices for record, storage, reproduction of the information processed by means of computer facilities.

Methods. Author’s methods of the organisation of students’ work with the text on electronic data storage devices are used during modelling experiment. Methods of questioning, interrogation are applied; the content-analysis and the correlation analysis of the received data.

Results. Stages of the person’s creative self-development composing a dialectic cycle of formation and development of research skills of the pupil in educational process are noted. The interrelation between scientifically-methodical readiness of the teacher for development of research potential of students and features of the organisation of their work with the text is established. Ways of activization of pupils’ creative self-development are offered and shown while working with the electronic text and the Internet resources. The given ways allow to realize the idea of subjectiveness and the subjectivity, pointed within the limits of culturological and anthropological approaches to education; to stimulate the process of formation and personality growth of the student; to provide sensibleness of a student’s choice of own trajectory of education; to open its intellectual and creative abilities.

Scientific novelty. The variant of transition of school education from positions of transmission of the educational information, completed knowledge and abilities to formation and subjectness development of students and satisfaction of their requirements for creative self-realisation is shown. For this purpose, according to the author, it is necessary to use manifold opportunities of digital technologies actively introduced recently in student teaching not as subsidiary means of reception of the information, but for the didactic purposes – for creative self-development of students, their self-advancement in the course of knowledge, acquisition of new senses of a studied material and development of skills of successful independent work at the decision of difficult research problems.

Practical significance. The technique of the organisation of work with the electronic educational text described by an example of studying of the theme «Limiting hydrocarbons. Methane» promotes self-development of students, and can be adapted for any other theme, section and discipline of a school course.

The aim of the article is to justify and substantiate the importance and usefulness of e-learning courses on the platform LMS MOODLE in the context of improving the quality of independent work of students in the study of high school physics course.

Methods. Developed online courses in physics in LMS MOODLE based on the analysis of scientific publications and research, observations, lessons learned and results of educational activities are presented; the peculiarities of their application in terms of improving the effectiveness of different types of independent activity of students of high school are identified.

Results. A brief analysis of the main trends of distance learning is given; the experience of the development and application of electronic educational courses on the main sections of the course of physics in the Physics and Mathematics Department at the Institute of Elabuga Kazan (Volga) Federal University is described. It is concluded that the use of e-learning in the educational process enhances the effectiveness of different types of independent activity of students, self-development, and the formation of their professional competence.

Scientific novelty. The notion of electronic educational courses and its place in the system of blended learning are clarified. The key features and opportunities for intensification of educational process and enhancing students’ independent work are highlighted.

Practical significance. Outlined in the article the possibilities and potential of the spacers on a platform LMS MOODLE, as well as the features of their application can determine ways to optimize and streamline the learning process, improvement of methods and tools for the repose of information, monitoring, diagnosis of different types of self-employment. Presented experience of independent work of students in studying physics course based on e-learning courses can be used in various educational institutions of higher education.

The aim of the presented article is to understand value, aims and practical aspects (frequency, diversity, etc.) of using games by preschool teachers with different levels of education.

Methods. In the conducted survey, 308 preschool teachers answered a questionnaire developed by leading researcher in ethnopedagogy of play V. M. Grigoriev. Examinees were divided into three groups different in educational level (undergraduated, graduated from college, specialized secondary education). The data were analyzed by comparing value judgments about meaning and aims of using games given by preschool teachers with different levels of education. Also value judgments were compared with practical aspects (frequency, diversity, etc.) of the use of games in teachers’ professional work, and with their degree of satisfaction with it. Special attention was paid to the usage of ethno games. The analysis was done out in the program stаstistica 5.0 v and using the methods of nonparametric statistics.

Results. The results have showed statistically significant differences between value judgments given by preschool teachers with different levels of education on values of games for developing various children personal qualities, frequency and diversity of use of different types of games. Problems in practical application of national games (Russian national games, games of the people of Russia and people of other countries, international games) are designated.

Scientific novelty. The author is the first to state the data about divergence influence in valuable representations and purposes of teachers of preschool centres on potential use of game technologies in daily work, and that is reflected in education productivity of younger children; wherein the game is the main activity. Specificity of national games in teaching is shown.

Practical significance. The paper materials can be useful at the organisation of methodical work in preschool educational institutions, and by working out of programs of courses for teachers’ qualification improvement.

The purpose of the research is to study and analyse the current trends in internationalisation of higher education in European countries; analyse the performance of the University of Bologna with regard to development and implementation of its internationalisation strategy as well as identify factors facilitating successful development of internationalisation and hindering this process.

Methods. Theoretical methods – analysis of regulatory documents on development and reforming of higher education; documents of national and international organisations which activities are relevant to internationalisation of higher education; conference papers; and regulatory documents of the University of Bologna. Empirical methods – student surveys and interviews with the staff members of the University of Bologna, observation, methods of mathematical statistics.

Results and scientific novelty. The study has identified and described the major recent changes in the process of internationalisation in Europe. The outcomes of the research reveal that internationalisation process aimed primarily at enhancing the quality of education and research has become a strategic focus of universities; emphasis is being given to providing all students with the opportunity to develop intercultural competencies. The results of the empirical study suggest that the development of internationalisation at the University of Bologna is focused on enhancing academic mobility of students, elaborating and implementing double / joint degree programmes, as well as developing international research activities. One of the factors driving this development is the development and monitoring of the implementation of the University’s internationalisation strategy. Difficulties in the implementation of this strategy are still related to financial issues, as well as foreign language competency of students and professors and their insufficient motivation to participate in academic mobility programmes and international research projects.

Practical significance. Material, presented in the paper, can be useful to staff members of international relations departments as well as people doing theoretical and practical research on development of internationalisation of higher education. The outcomes of the research can be used by Russian universities in developing and implementing their internationalisation strategies.

The aim of the study is to consider the problem of students’ research both worldwide and in Russia.

Methods. The methods involve review and analysis of the foreign and Russian scientific literature on studied subjects; surveys on the management and realisation of student’s scientific activity in different countries; comparative analysis of the data received during surveys.

Results and scientific novelty. At the first stage literature concerning the question of doing research in different countries is analyzed. Then the problems existing in the sphere of students’ research worldwide are identified. Among them are students’ motivation, supervisors’ motivation, developing friendly scientific environment at various levels, communication in science. Then, two surveys were held to support the theoretical issues. The first concerned general aspects of students’ research internationally such as when they start doing it, how they are motivated, what are the relations with supervisors etc. The second included questions about general age of getting scientific degrees (bachelor, master, and PhD), and was divided into two parts: for international and Russian staff. Procedures and results of the surveys undertaken for revealing of scientists’ opinion on quality and features of the specified kind of students’ activity in different countries across the world are described. It is shown, that some problems are common for Russia and global scientific society.

Practical significance. On the basis of world experience, some solutions on development of scientific activity of the Russian students have been proposed by the author.